February 1, 2008 | Shin'ichi Nojiri,1,* Sergei D. Odintsov,2,† and Shinji Tsujikawa3,‡
The paper investigates the properties of future singularities in a universe dominated by dark energy, including phantom-type fluid. The authors classify finite-time singularities into four types and present models that exhibit these singularities by assuming the form of the equation of state (EOS) of dark energy. They show the existence of a stable fixed point with an EOS \( w < -1 \) and numerically confirm that this is a late-time attractor in the phantom-dominated universe. The paper also constructs a phantom dark energy scenario coupled to dark matter that reproduces the Big Rip singularity for the energy density and curvature of the universe. Quantum corrections from conformal anomalies are found to be significant when the curvature grows large, which can moderate or prevent the singularity. The authors further explore the transition from \( w > -1 \) to \( w < -1 \) and discuss the general structure of singularities, including the relation between singularities and the behavior of the EOS function \( f(\rho) \). They conclude with a discussion on the attractor solutions in dark energy models with non-relativistic dark matter and the role of quantum effects in moderating finite-time singularities.The paper investigates the properties of future singularities in a universe dominated by dark energy, including phantom-type fluid. The authors classify finite-time singularities into four types and present models that exhibit these singularities by assuming the form of the equation of state (EOS) of dark energy. They show the existence of a stable fixed point with an EOS \( w < -1 \) and numerically confirm that this is a late-time attractor in the phantom-dominated universe. The paper also constructs a phantom dark energy scenario coupled to dark matter that reproduces the Big Rip singularity for the energy density and curvature of the universe. Quantum corrections from conformal anomalies are found to be significant when the curvature grows large, which can moderate or prevent the singularity. The authors further explore the transition from \( w > -1 \) to \( w < -1 \) and discuss the general structure of singularities, including the relation between singularities and the behavior of the EOS function \( f(\rho) \). They conclude with a discussion on the attractor solutions in dark energy models with non-relativistic dark matter and the role of quantum effects in moderating finite-time singularities.