Properties of singularities in (phantom) dark energy universe

Properties of singularities in (phantom) dark energy universe

February 1, 2008 | Shin'ichi Nojiri, Sergei D. Odintsov, Shinji Tsujikawa
The paper investigates the properties of future singularities in a universe dominated by dark energy, including phantom-type fluids. It classifies finite-time singularities into four types and presents models that exhibit these singularities. The authors show that a stable fixed point with an equation of state $ w < -1 $ exists and is a late-time attractor in the phantom-dominated universe. They also construct a phantom dark energy scenario coupled to dark matter that reproduces Big Rip-type singularities. Quantum corrections from conformal anomalies can moderate these singularities when curvature becomes large. The study considers dark energy with an equation of state $ p = -\rho - f(\rho) $, where $ f(\rho) $ is an arbitrary function. The authors analyze the behavior of the universe near singularities and show that different types of singularities can occur depending on the form of $ f(\rho) $. They classify singularities into four types: Big Rip (Type I), sudden (Type II), Type III, and Type IV. The paper also examines the stability of fixed points and the role of quantum effects in moderating singularities. The authors derive the autonomous system of equations for dark energy coupled with dark matter and analyze the phase plane to study the behavior of the universe near singularities. They find that the universe can transition from $ w > -1 $ to $ w < -1 $, and that different types of singularities can occur depending on the parameters of the model. The paper also discusses the implications of these results for the future of the universe and the potential for avoiding singularities through quantum effects.The paper investigates the properties of future singularities in a universe dominated by dark energy, including phantom-type fluids. It classifies finite-time singularities into four types and presents models that exhibit these singularities. The authors show that a stable fixed point with an equation of state $ w < -1 $ exists and is a late-time attractor in the phantom-dominated universe. They also construct a phantom dark energy scenario coupled to dark matter that reproduces Big Rip-type singularities. Quantum corrections from conformal anomalies can moderate these singularities when curvature becomes large. The study considers dark energy with an equation of state $ p = -\rho - f(\rho) $, where $ f(\rho) $ is an arbitrary function. The authors analyze the behavior of the universe near singularities and show that different types of singularities can occur depending on the form of $ f(\rho) $. They classify singularities into four types: Big Rip (Type I), sudden (Type II), Type III, and Type IV. The paper also examines the stability of fixed points and the role of quantum effects in moderating singularities. The authors derive the autonomous system of equations for dark energy coupled with dark matter and analyze the phase plane to study the behavior of the universe near singularities. They find that the universe can transition from $ w > -1 $ to $ w < -1 $, and that different types of singularities can occur depending on the parameters of the model. The paper also discusses the implications of these results for the future of the universe and the potential for avoiding singularities through quantum effects.
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[slides and audio] Properties of singularities in the (phantom) dark energy universe