Proteomics, a pivotal technology in biomedical research, focuses on the comprehensive study of protein composition, structure, function, and interactions. It encompasses expression, structural, and functional proteomics, employing techniques such as polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, protein microarrays, X-ray crystallography, and Edman sequencing. These methods contribute to a deeper understanding of proteins and their roles in health and disease. Proteomics is widely applied in cancer research, stem cell studies, and the diagnosis and research of infectious and noninfectious diseases. It also plays a crucial role in drug discovery and personalized medicine. Despite its importance, proteomics faces challenges such as the variation in protein expression, the lack of equivalent PCR methods, and the difficulty in analyzing low-abundance proteins. New methods and computer algorithms are needed to overcome these limitations and improve data analysis. The review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of proteomics, highlighting its current applications and future potential in biomedical research and therapeutic interventions.Proteomics, a pivotal technology in biomedical research, focuses on the comprehensive study of protein composition, structure, function, and interactions. It encompasses expression, structural, and functional proteomics, employing techniques such as polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, protein microarrays, X-ray crystallography, and Edman sequencing. These methods contribute to a deeper understanding of proteins and their roles in health and disease. Proteomics is widely applied in cancer research, stem cell studies, and the diagnosis and research of infectious and noninfectious diseases. It also plays a crucial role in drug discovery and personalized medicine. Despite its importance, proteomics faces challenges such as the variation in protein expression, the lack of equivalent PCR methods, and the difficulty in analyzing low-abundance proteins. New methods and computer algorithms are needed to overcome these limitations and improve data analysis. The review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of proteomics, highlighting its current applications and future potential in biomedical research and therapeutic interventions.