This paper reviews and critiques the definitions, concepts, and theories of psychological resilience. It discusses how resilience is defined in psychology literature, focusing on two core concepts: adversity and positive adaptation. Resilience is conceptualized as the interactive influence of psychological characteristics within the context of the stress process. The paper also examines the distinction between resilience as a trait or process and related terms. It reviews various theories of resilience, highlighting the need for future theories to consider multiple demands individuals face, meta-cognitive and emotional processes affecting the resilience-stress relationship, and the conceptual distinction between resilience and coping. The review concludes with implications for policy, practice, and research, emphasizing the need to manage individuals' environments and develop protective and promotive factors to build resilience. Keywords: adversity, appraisal, coping, positive adaptation, protective and promotive factors.This paper reviews and critiques the definitions, concepts, and theories of psychological resilience. It discusses how resilience is defined in psychology literature, focusing on two core concepts: adversity and positive adaptation. Resilience is conceptualized as the interactive influence of psychological characteristics within the context of the stress process. The paper also examines the distinction between resilience as a trait or process and related terms. It reviews various theories of resilience, highlighting the need for future theories to consider multiple demands individuals face, meta-cognitive and emotional processes affecting the resilience-stress relationship, and the conceptual distinction between resilience and coping. The review concludes with implications for policy, practice, and research, emphasizing the need to manage individuals' environments and develop protective and promotive factors to build resilience. Keywords: adversity, appraisal, coping, positive adaptation, protective and promotive factors.