Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis are major causes of cardiovascular mortality, with venous thromboembolism (VTE) sharing risk factors and pathophysiology with atherothrombosis. Diagnosis of VTE involves clinical probability assessment, D-dimer testing, and imaging techniques like compression ultrasound and CT angiography. Anticoagulation is the main treatment, with novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) being developed to replace vitamin K antagonists and heparins. These drugs are fixed-dose, require no lab monitoring, and have fewer drug interactions. However, prophylaxis remains underused in high-risk patients. VTE can lead to chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and post-thrombotic syndrome. Risk stratification is crucial for determining treatment intensity, with high-risk patients requiring thrombolysis or embolectomy. The management of VTE involves three phases: initial treatment, early maintenance, and long-term secondary prevention. Anticoagulation duration depends on recurrence risk and bleeding risk, with at least 3 months of treatment recommended. NOACs show promise in acute VTE treatment but require further study. Prevention strategies include pharmacological and mechanical methods, with institutional efforts needed to improve adherence. Despite advances, VTE remains a significant global health issue, with underuse of prophylaxis in many settings. Effective implementation of prevention strategies is crucial to reduce VTE incidence and mortality.Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis are major causes of cardiovascular mortality, with venous thromboembolism (VTE) sharing risk factors and pathophysiology with atherothrombosis. Diagnosis of VTE involves clinical probability assessment, D-dimer testing, and imaging techniques like compression ultrasound and CT angiography. Anticoagulation is the main treatment, with novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) being developed to replace vitamin K antagonists and heparins. These drugs are fixed-dose, require no lab monitoring, and have fewer drug interactions. However, prophylaxis remains underused in high-risk patients. VTE can lead to chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and post-thrombotic syndrome. Risk stratification is crucial for determining treatment intensity, with high-risk patients requiring thrombolysis or embolectomy. The management of VTE involves three phases: initial treatment, early maintenance, and long-term secondary prevention. Anticoagulation duration depends on recurrence risk and bleeding risk, with at least 3 months of treatment recommended. NOACs show promise in acute VTE treatment but require further study. Prevention strategies include pharmacological and mechanical methods, with institutional efforts needed to improve adherence. Despite advances, VTE remains a significant global health issue, with underuse of prophylaxis in many settings. Effective implementation of prevention strategies is crucial to reduce VTE incidence and mortality.