This editorial monograph by Samuel J. Stratton, MD, MPH, explores the advantages and challenges of purposeful sampling in qualitative research. Purposeful sampling involves selecting participants based on specific criteria to represent a target population or group. It is advantageous for its resource efficiency and ability to address specific research questions, often used in systematic reviews and to evaluate areas of interest. However, it faces publication biases due to its similarity to convenience sampling, which can lead to inappropriate reporting. The monograph highlights two main forms of purposeful sampling: randomized and subjective. Randomized purposeful sampling involves selecting participants through randomization, ensuring the sample is representative of the target population and allowing findings to be generalized. Subjective purposeful sampling, on the other hand, uses non-random methods, making it less representative and applicable only to the sample participants. Stratton emphasizes the importance of defining clear study objectives, avoiding multiple objectives to reduce confounding factors. He also discusses various sampling techniques, such as stratified, cell, quota, and snowball sampling, each with its own strengths and limitations. Randomized methods enhance validity, while subjective methods are useful for generating divergent information and hypotheses. The monograph concludes by emphasizing the need for valid data collection methods and clear reporting of sample characteristics and demographics. Each type of purposeful sampling has specific applications, and researchers must choose the appropriate method based on their research objectives.This editorial monograph by Samuel J. Stratton, MD, MPH, explores the advantages and challenges of purposeful sampling in qualitative research. Purposeful sampling involves selecting participants based on specific criteria to represent a target population or group. It is advantageous for its resource efficiency and ability to address specific research questions, often used in systematic reviews and to evaluate areas of interest. However, it faces publication biases due to its similarity to convenience sampling, which can lead to inappropriate reporting. The monograph highlights two main forms of purposeful sampling: randomized and subjective. Randomized purposeful sampling involves selecting participants through randomization, ensuring the sample is representative of the target population and allowing findings to be generalized. Subjective purposeful sampling, on the other hand, uses non-random methods, making it less representative and applicable only to the sample participants. Stratton emphasizes the importance of defining clear study objectives, avoiding multiple objectives to reduce confounding factors. He also discusses various sampling techniques, such as stratified, cell, quota, and snowball sampling, each with its own strengths and limitations. Randomized methods enhance validity, while subjective methods are useful for generating divergent information and hypotheses. The monograph concludes by emphasizing the need for valid data collection methods and clear reporting of sample characteristics and demographics. Each type of purposeful sampling has specific applications, and researchers must choose the appropriate method based on their research objectives.