The book "Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men" by Edward Chace Tolman, published in 1932, is a significant contribution to the field of psychology. It offers a clear indication of where the discipline might be headed, between the extremes of behaviorism and structuralism. Tolman's approach, known as "purposive behaviorism," emphasizes the purposive and cognitive aspects of behavior, which he defines through analysis, definition, and experimental evidence. The book is particularly strong in its presentation of animal psychology, demonstrating that even simple organisms exhibit behaviors with purpose and cognition. Tolman argues that behavior is a "molar" phenomenon with emergent properties that cannot be fully understood from the underlying molecular facts of physics and physiology alone. The book is praised for its objective system, which does not require psychologists to abandon their traditional mentalistic views, but rather to use concepts like purpose, cognition, and consciousness without fear of metaphysical pitfalls.The book "Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men" by Edward Chace Tolman, published in 1932, is a significant contribution to the field of psychology. It offers a clear indication of where the discipline might be headed, between the extremes of behaviorism and structuralism. Tolman's approach, known as "purposive behaviorism," emphasizes the purposive and cognitive aspects of behavior, which he defines through analysis, definition, and experimental evidence. The book is particularly strong in its presentation of animal psychology, demonstrating that even simple organisms exhibit behaviors with purpose and cognition. Tolman argues that behavior is a "molar" phenomenon with emergent properties that cannot be fully understood from the underlying molecular facts of physics and physiology alone. The book is praised for its objective system, which does not require psychologists to abandon their traditional mentalistic views, but rather to use concepts like purpose, cognition, and consciousness without fear of metaphysical pitfalls.