The chapter discusses the qualitative research methodology, particularly focusing on interviewing and observation. Research methodology is defined as a strategic approach to problem-solving, and mixed methods research combines quantitative and qualitative techniques to provide a comprehensive understanding. Qualitative research is suitable for exploring new fields or deepening understanding of issues through textual interpretation, with common methods being interviewing and observation. **Interviewing** is the primary data collection method in qualitative research, often semi-structured, lightly structured, or in-depth. Unstructured interviews, which are more conversational, are used for long-term fieldwork, allowing respondents to express themselves freely. Semi-structured interviews, with preset open-ended questions, are widely used in healthcare research and can be conducted with individuals or groups. Recording interviews is recommended for better data capture and transcription. **Observation** includes participant observation, ethnography, and field research, involving multiple study sites. Observational data can serve as auxiliary or confirmatory research. In conclusion, qualitative methods help refine preconceived notions and provide in-depth perspectives, often through one-on-one interviews or issue-directed discussions. Observational methods can corroborate research findings.The chapter discusses the qualitative research methodology, particularly focusing on interviewing and observation. Research methodology is defined as a strategic approach to problem-solving, and mixed methods research combines quantitative and qualitative techniques to provide a comprehensive understanding. Qualitative research is suitable for exploring new fields or deepening understanding of issues through textual interpretation, with common methods being interviewing and observation. **Interviewing** is the primary data collection method in qualitative research, often semi-structured, lightly structured, or in-depth. Unstructured interviews, which are more conversational, are used for long-term fieldwork, allowing respondents to express themselves freely. Semi-structured interviews, with preset open-ended questions, are widely used in healthcare research and can be conducted with individuals or groups. Recording interviews is recommended for better data capture and transcription. **Observation** includes participant observation, ethnography, and field research, involving multiple study sites. Observational data can serve as auxiliary or confirmatory research. In conclusion, qualitative methods help refine preconceived notions and provide in-depth perspectives, often through one-on-one interviews or issue-directed discussions. Observational methods can corroborate research findings.