The article introduces a new measure of druglikeness called Quantitative Estimate of Druglikeness (QED), which is based on the concept of desirability. QED is designed to provide a more nuanced and quantitative assessment of compound quality compared to traditional rules like Lipinski's Rule of Five (Ro5). The authors argue that while Ro5 is effective in predicting oral bioavailability, it may lead to the selection of compounds with undesirable properties. QED is derived from the empirical distribution of molecular properties of approved drugs and can be used to rank compounds by their relative merit. The method is demonstrated through benchmarking against other druglikeness measures and by applying it to prioritize a large set of bioactive compounds. Additionally, QED is extended to assess the druggability of molecular targets, providing a means to prioritize targets based on the chemical attractiveness of their associated ligands. The authors conclude that QED offers a more sophisticated and practical approach to evaluating compound quality and target druggability in drug discovery.The article introduces a new measure of druglikeness called Quantitative Estimate of Druglikeness (QED), which is based on the concept of desirability. QED is designed to provide a more nuanced and quantitative assessment of compound quality compared to traditional rules like Lipinski's Rule of Five (Ro5). The authors argue that while Ro5 is effective in predicting oral bioavailability, it may lead to the selection of compounds with undesirable properties. QED is derived from the empirical distribution of molecular properties of approved drugs and can be used to rank compounds by their relative merit. The method is demonstrated through benchmarking against other druglikeness measures and by applying it to prioritize a large set of bioactive compounds. Additionally, QED is extended to assess the druggability of molecular targets, providing a means to prioritize targets based on the chemical attractiveness of their associated ligands. The authors conclude that QED offers a more sophisticated and practical approach to evaluating compound quality and target druggability in drug discovery.