John Preskill discusses the current state and future potential of quantum computing, emphasizing the NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) era. Quantum computers with 50-100 qubits may surpass classical computers in specific tasks, but noise in quantum gates limits reliable circuit execution. NISQ devices are useful for exploring many-body quantum physics and other applications, but they are not expected to revolutionize the world immediately. Quantum technologists should focus on improving quantum gates and eventually achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing. The article highlights the entanglement frontier, where quantum systems allow for simulating complex quantum states that classical computers cannot. Quantum computing is powerful because it can efficiently simulate natural processes, which classical computers cannot. This capability opens new avenues for exploring complex molecules, materials, and fundamental physics. Quantum computing is hard due to the challenge of maintaining quantum coherence and minimizing noise. Quantum error correction is essential for scalable quantum computing, but it requires significant overhead. The NISQ era is characterized by noisy, intermediate-scale quantum devices, which are not yet fault-tolerant but can still provide useful insights. The article discusses various applications of quantum computing, including quantum optimization, quantum annealing, and quantum simulation. While quantum computers may not solve NP-hard problems efficiently, they could offer advantages in specific tasks like quantum simulation and optimization. Quantum deep learning and recommendation systems are also explored, with potential benefits in machine learning applications. The article also addresses the challenges of quantum simulation, noting that classical computers are poor at simulating quantum dynamics. Quantum computers have a clear advantage in this area, and NISQ technology may help in understanding quantum chaos. Analog and digital quantum simulators are compared, with analog simulators being more robust to errors but less controllable. The article concludes with the challenges of scaling quantum computing, emphasizing the need for better error correction and control. While fault-tolerant quantum computers are still distant, NISQ technology is a crucial step toward more powerful quantum technologies. The potential of quantum computing is vast, but its practical applications and commercial viability remain uncertain in the near term.John Preskill discusses the current state and future potential of quantum computing, emphasizing the NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) era. Quantum computers with 50-100 qubits may surpass classical computers in specific tasks, but noise in quantum gates limits reliable circuit execution. NISQ devices are useful for exploring many-body quantum physics and other applications, but they are not expected to revolutionize the world immediately. Quantum technologists should focus on improving quantum gates and eventually achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing. The article highlights the entanglement frontier, where quantum systems allow for simulating complex quantum states that classical computers cannot. Quantum computing is powerful because it can efficiently simulate natural processes, which classical computers cannot. This capability opens new avenues for exploring complex molecules, materials, and fundamental physics. Quantum computing is hard due to the challenge of maintaining quantum coherence and minimizing noise. Quantum error correction is essential for scalable quantum computing, but it requires significant overhead. The NISQ era is characterized by noisy, intermediate-scale quantum devices, which are not yet fault-tolerant but can still provide useful insights. The article discusses various applications of quantum computing, including quantum optimization, quantum annealing, and quantum simulation. While quantum computers may not solve NP-hard problems efficiently, they could offer advantages in specific tasks like quantum simulation and optimization. Quantum deep learning and recommendation systems are also explored, with potential benefits in machine learning applications. The article also addresses the challenges of quantum simulation, noting that classical computers are poor at simulating quantum dynamics. Quantum computers have a clear advantage in this area, and NISQ technology may help in understanding quantum chaos. Analog and digital quantum simulators are compared, with analog simulators being more robust to errors but less controllable. The article concludes with the challenges of scaling quantum computing, emphasizing the need for better error correction and control. While fault-tolerant quantum computers are still distant, NISQ technology is a crucial step toward more powerful quantum technologies. The potential of quantum computing is vast, but its practical applications and commercial viability remain uncertain in the near term.