26 Mar 2025 | Filiberto Ares, Vittorio Vitale, and Sara Murciano
This paper investigates the quantum Mpemba effect (QMPE) in free-fermionic mixed states, focusing on how initial symmetry breaking and non-unitary dynamics influence symmetry restoration. The QMPE is a phenomenon where greater initial symmetry breaking leads to faster symmetry restoration, analogous to the classical Mpemba effect. The study considers the XY spin chain model, analyzing both unitary and non-unitary dynamics, including dissipation and finite temperature effects. The entanglement asymmetry is used as a quantum information-based observable to measure symmetry breaking in quantum systems. The results show that the QMPE persists even in the presence of dissipation or at finite temperatures, although it is eventually suppressed as the state becomes more mixed. The analysis reveals that the QMPE depends on the initial symmetry-breaking configuration and the dynamics of the system. The study also explores the effects of local dephasing and global gain and loss dissipation on the QMPE, demonstrating that the phenomenon can occur even when the system is not isolated. The findings highlight the importance of initial conditions and the role of non-unitary dynamics in the emergence of the QMPE. The paper concludes that the QMPE can be observed in both unitary and non-unitary dynamics, providing insights into the behavior of quantum systems under out-of-equilibrium conditions.This paper investigates the quantum Mpemba effect (QMPE) in free-fermionic mixed states, focusing on how initial symmetry breaking and non-unitary dynamics influence symmetry restoration. The QMPE is a phenomenon where greater initial symmetry breaking leads to faster symmetry restoration, analogous to the classical Mpemba effect. The study considers the XY spin chain model, analyzing both unitary and non-unitary dynamics, including dissipation and finite temperature effects. The entanglement asymmetry is used as a quantum information-based observable to measure symmetry breaking in quantum systems. The results show that the QMPE persists even in the presence of dissipation or at finite temperatures, although it is eventually suppressed as the state becomes more mixed. The analysis reveals that the QMPE depends on the initial symmetry-breaking configuration and the dynamics of the system. The study also explores the effects of local dephasing and global gain and loss dissipation on the QMPE, demonstrating that the phenomenon can occur even when the system is not isolated. The findings highlight the importance of initial conditions and the role of non-unitary dynamics in the emergence of the QMPE. The paper concludes that the QMPE can be observed in both unitary and non-unitary dynamics, providing insights into the behavior of quantum systems under out-of-equilibrium conditions.