February 1, 2008 | Daniel Loss and David P. DiVincenzo
This paper proposes a method for quantum computation using the spin states of coupled single-electron quantum dots. The authors suggest using electrical gating of the tunneling barrier between neighboring dots to implement a universal set of one- and two-qubit gates. The key idea is that by controlling the tunneling barrier, the spin states of the dots can be manipulated to perform quantum operations. The paper also discusses the effects of decoherence caused by a magnetic environment and derives a spin master equation to model the system's behavior.
The authors analyze the performance of a "swap" gate, which exchanges the spin states of two qubits. They show that this gate can be implemented by applying a time-dependent Heisenberg exchange interaction between the spins. The swap gate is not sufficient on its own for quantum computation, but when combined with other operations, it can be used to perform useful quantum computations. For example, a quantum XOR gate can be constructed using a sequence of operations involving the swap gate and single-qubit rotations.
The paper also discusses the implementation of single-qubit gates, which can be achieved by applying magnetic fields to individual qubits. The authors propose that these gates can be implemented using a scanning-probe tip or an auxiliary ferromagnetic dot. They also consider the effects of environmental noise on the quantum gates and show that the spin-1/2 degrees of freedom in quantum dots have longer decoherence times than charge degrees of freedom.
The authors derive a master equation to model the non-ideal behavior of the swap gate when the spins are coupled to a magnetic environment. They show that the environment introduces a small correction to the gate operation, which can be modeled using a Born and Markov approximation. The paper also discusses the numerical evaluation of the gate performance, showing that the environment's effect is on the order of a few percent.
The authors conclude that the proposed quantum computation scheme using quantum dots is a promising approach for quantum computing. They note that while the current parameters are not yet achievable, they are within the realm of solid-state spin systems. The paper also highlights the importance of further experimental advances in semiconductor nano-fabrication, magnetic semiconductor synthesis, and single-electronics to realize this quantum computation scheme.This paper proposes a method for quantum computation using the spin states of coupled single-electron quantum dots. The authors suggest using electrical gating of the tunneling barrier between neighboring dots to implement a universal set of one- and two-qubit gates. The key idea is that by controlling the tunneling barrier, the spin states of the dots can be manipulated to perform quantum operations. The paper also discusses the effects of decoherence caused by a magnetic environment and derives a spin master equation to model the system's behavior.
The authors analyze the performance of a "swap" gate, which exchanges the spin states of two qubits. They show that this gate can be implemented by applying a time-dependent Heisenberg exchange interaction between the spins. The swap gate is not sufficient on its own for quantum computation, but when combined with other operations, it can be used to perform useful quantum computations. For example, a quantum XOR gate can be constructed using a sequence of operations involving the swap gate and single-qubit rotations.
The paper also discusses the implementation of single-qubit gates, which can be achieved by applying magnetic fields to individual qubits. The authors propose that these gates can be implemented using a scanning-probe tip or an auxiliary ferromagnetic dot. They also consider the effects of environmental noise on the quantum gates and show that the spin-1/2 degrees of freedom in quantum dots have longer decoherence times than charge degrees of freedom.
The authors derive a master equation to model the non-ideal behavior of the swap gate when the spins are coupled to a magnetic environment. They show that the environment introduces a small correction to the gate operation, which can be modeled using a Born and Markov approximation. The paper also discusses the numerical evaluation of the gate performance, showing that the environment's effect is on the order of a few percent.
The authors conclude that the proposed quantum computation scheme using quantum dots is a promising approach for quantum computing. They note that while the current parameters are not yet achievable, they are within the realm of solid-state spin systems. The paper also highlights the importance of further experimental advances in semiconductor nano-fabrication, magnetic semiconductor synthesis, and single-electronics to realize this quantum computation scheme.