Quantum computing in molecular magnets

Quantum computing in molecular magnets

| Michael N. Leuenberger & Daniel Loss
The article by Michael N. Leuenberger and Daniel Loss proposes a novel implementation of Grover's algorithm using molecular magnets, which are solid-state systems with large spins. These magnets, such as Fe$_8$ and Mn$_{12}$, are natural candidates for single-particle systems due to their spin eigenstates. The authors theoretically demonstrate that molecular magnets can be used to build dense and efficient memory devices based on the Grover algorithm, capable of storing and retrieving large numbers of data with high precision and speed. The Grover algorithm, which reduces the search complexity from $\log_2 N$ to one query, is implemented using a unitary transformation applied to the single spin of a molecular magnet. The authors propose a method to generate arbitrary superpositions of spin eigenstates through multifrequency coherent magnetic radiation in the microwave and radiofrequency range. This involves applying a magnetic pulse with a discrete frequency spectrum to coherently populate and manipulate multiple spin states simultaneously. The article details the theoretical framework for the implementation, including the use of perturbation theory to calculate the quantum amplitudes for transitions induced by the magnetic pulse. The authors show that the required field amplitudes and frequencies are experimentally accessible, and they estimate the transition rates needed to coherently populate the desired states. They also describe the read-in, decoding, and read-out processes, which can be performed within about $10^{-10}$ seconds using pulsed electron spin resonance techniques. The proposal is feasible for molecular magnets with spins up to 10, allowing the storage of numbers between 0 and $2^{s-2} = 2.6 \times 10^5$ in a single crystal. The method is not limited to molecular magnets but can be applied to any electron or nuclear spin system with non-equidistant energy levels, making it a promising approach for building dense and efficient memory devices.The article by Michael N. Leuenberger and Daniel Loss proposes a novel implementation of Grover's algorithm using molecular magnets, which are solid-state systems with large spins. These magnets, such as Fe$_8$ and Mn$_{12}$, are natural candidates for single-particle systems due to their spin eigenstates. The authors theoretically demonstrate that molecular magnets can be used to build dense and efficient memory devices based on the Grover algorithm, capable of storing and retrieving large numbers of data with high precision and speed. The Grover algorithm, which reduces the search complexity from $\log_2 N$ to one query, is implemented using a unitary transformation applied to the single spin of a molecular magnet. The authors propose a method to generate arbitrary superpositions of spin eigenstates through multifrequency coherent magnetic radiation in the microwave and radiofrequency range. This involves applying a magnetic pulse with a discrete frequency spectrum to coherently populate and manipulate multiple spin states simultaneously. The article details the theoretical framework for the implementation, including the use of perturbation theory to calculate the quantum amplitudes for transitions induced by the magnetic pulse. The authors show that the required field amplitudes and frequencies are experimentally accessible, and they estimate the transition rates needed to coherently populate the desired states. They also describe the read-in, decoding, and read-out processes, which can be performed within about $10^{-10}$ seconds using pulsed electron spin resonance techniques. The proposal is feasible for molecular magnets with spins up to 10, allowing the storage of numbers between 0 and $2^{s-2} = 2.6 \times 10^5$ in a single crystal. The method is not limited to molecular magnets but can be applied to any electron or nuclear spin system with non-equidistant energy levels, making it a promising approach for building dense and efficient memory devices.
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