Quantum effects on the evaporation of PBHs: contributions to dark matter

Quantum effects on the evaporation of PBHs: contributions to dark matter

31 Jul 2024 | Md Riajul Haque, Suvashis Maity, Debaprasad Maity, Yann Mambrini
The paper investigates the impact of quantum corrections on the evaporation of Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) and their contribution to dark matter (DM). The authors consider the memory burden effect, which suppresses the black hole evaporation rate by an inverse power of its entropy. This effect significantly extends the lifetime of PBHs, making it possible for PBHs with masses less than $10^9$ grams to be the sole DM candidates. However, to satisfy the observed DM abundance, the paper also explores the possibility of PBHs decaying into fundamental dark matter particles, extending the lifetime of stable PBHs. The study reveals a wide range of parameter space where the initial PBH mass and fundamental dark matter mass can coexist, consistent with the correct relic abundance. The paper discusses the evolution of PBH mass, the number of dark matter particles emitted from PBH evaporation, and the constraints from extragalactic $\gamma$ rays and CMB anisotropies. It also analyzes the production of dark matter from PBH evaporation before Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) and the contribution of stable PBHs to the dark matter relic abundance. The results show that for certain values of the quantum correction parameter $k$, PBHs can survive until the present day and contribute to the DM relic abundance, while also producing dark matter particles through their decay.The paper investigates the impact of quantum corrections on the evaporation of Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) and their contribution to dark matter (DM). The authors consider the memory burden effect, which suppresses the black hole evaporation rate by an inverse power of its entropy. This effect significantly extends the lifetime of PBHs, making it possible for PBHs with masses less than $10^9$ grams to be the sole DM candidates. However, to satisfy the observed DM abundance, the paper also explores the possibility of PBHs decaying into fundamental dark matter particles, extending the lifetime of stable PBHs. The study reveals a wide range of parameter space where the initial PBH mass and fundamental dark matter mass can coexist, consistent with the correct relic abundance. The paper discusses the evolution of PBH mass, the number of dark matter particles emitted from PBH evaporation, and the constraints from extragalactic $\gamma$ rays and CMB anisotropies. It also analyzes the production of dark matter from PBH evaporation before Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) and the contribution of stable PBHs to the dark matter relic abundance. The results show that for certain values of the quantum correction parameter $k$, PBHs can survive until the present day and contribute to the DM relic abundance, while also producing dark matter particles through their decay.
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