This special issue of *Entropy* focuses on quantum information and computation, edited by Shao-Ming Fei, Ming Li, and Shunlong Luo. It includes a collection of articles that explore various aspects of quantum information theory and its applications. The articles are divided into two main categories: basic theory of quantum information and quantum information processing and algorithm designs. In the basic theory category, the articles delve into the characterization of quantum channels, quantum verification, quantum entanglement, and quantum coherence. For instance, Song and Li propose a framework to characterize quantum channels based on the amount of quantumness they induce or reduce, introducing the concepts of quantumness power and dequantumness power. Bao et al. provide a criterion for self-testing of four-qubit symmetric states, while Zhai et al. define new conditional entropy and mutual information terms using the Belavkin–Staszewski relative entropy. Zhang and Nechita present a new incompatibility criterion for quantum channels based on Fisher information. Wang et al. study quantum incoherence based on multiple bases, and Guo explores the monogamy of genuine multipartite entanglement measures. In the quantum information processing and algorithm designs category, the articles cover topics such as quantum networks, quantum key distribution, quantum error correction, and quantum algorithms. Yang et al. investigate the nonlocality of forked tree-shaped quantum networks, while Ma et al. propose a distributed secure delegated quantum computation protocol. Fan et al. design rate-compatible LDPC codes for continuous-variable quantum key distribution, and Hua et al. present a multi-user measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution scheme based on GHZ entangled states. Pang et al. construct binary quantum error-correcting codes from orthogonal arrays, and Zhang et al. provide a quantum linear system algorithm for solving linear systems of equations. Xie et al. discuss quantum correlation swapping between Werner states under local and nonlocal unitary operations. Overall, the special issue provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in quantum information and computation, highlighting both theoretical developments and practical applications.This special issue of *Entropy* focuses on quantum information and computation, edited by Shao-Ming Fei, Ming Li, and Shunlong Luo. It includes a collection of articles that explore various aspects of quantum information theory and its applications. The articles are divided into two main categories: basic theory of quantum information and quantum information processing and algorithm designs. In the basic theory category, the articles delve into the characterization of quantum channels, quantum verification, quantum entanglement, and quantum coherence. For instance, Song and Li propose a framework to characterize quantum channels based on the amount of quantumness they induce or reduce, introducing the concepts of quantumness power and dequantumness power. Bao et al. provide a criterion for self-testing of four-qubit symmetric states, while Zhai et al. define new conditional entropy and mutual information terms using the Belavkin–Staszewski relative entropy. Zhang and Nechita present a new incompatibility criterion for quantum channels based on Fisher information. Wang et al. study quantum incoherence based on multiple bases, and Guo explores the monogamy of genuine multipartite entanglement measures. In the quantum information processing and algorithm designs category, the articles cover topics such as quantum networks, quantum key distribution, quantum error correction, and quantum algorithms. Yang et al. investigate the nonlocality of forked tree-shaped quantum networks, while Ma et al. propose a distributed secure delegated quantum computation protocol. Fan et al. design rate-compatible LDPC codes for continuous-variable quantum key distribution, and Hua et al. present a multi-user measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution scheme based on GHZ entangled states. Pang et al. construct binary quantum error-correcting codes from orthogonal arrays, and Zhang et al. provide a quantum linear system algorithm for solving linear systems of equations. Xie et al. discuss quantum correlation swapping between Werner states under local and nonlocal unitary operations. Overall, the special issue provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in quantum information and computation, highlighting both theoretical developments and practical applications.