Quantum resource theories (QRTs) provide a framework for studying quantum phenomena by categorizing states and operations into free and resource states/operations. Free states are those that can be prepared without external resources, while resource states require external resources to generate. Free operations are those that do not create or destroy resources. QRTs help quantify resources, develop protocols for their detection, and identify processes that optimize their use. They have revolutionized the understanding of quantum properties like entanglement, elevating them from fundamental phenomena to practical tools. The general structure of a QRT involves partitioning states into free and resource states, defining free operations, and analyzing information processing tasks under these constraints. Despite variations in definitions, QRTs often share structural similarities in resource measures and convertibility. Examples include entanglement, quantum reference frames, thermodynamics, coherence, and non-locality. QRTs enable practical analysis by focusing on operations that reflect current experimental capabilities, allow rigorous comparison of resource amounts, enable fine-grained analysis of fundamental processes, and identify common structures across different theories. The article reviews the general framework of QRTs, focusing on common features, tasks, and measures. It discusses different types of QRTs, their structures, and how they apply to various quantum phenomena. The paper also explores the mathematical tools and techniques used in QRTs, such as majorization theory, convex analysis, and entropic measures. It concludes with an overview of open problems and future research directions in the field.Quantum resource theories (QRTs) provide a framework for studying quantum phenomena by categorizing states and operations into free and resource states/operations. Free states are those that can be prepared without external resources, while resource states require external resources to generate. Free operations are those that do not create or destroy resources. QRTs help quantify resources, develop protocols for their detection, and identify processes that optimize their use. They have revolutionized the understanding of quantum properties like entanglement, elevating them from fundamental phenomena to practical tools. The general structure of a QRT involves partitioning states into free and resource states, defining free operations, and analyzing information processing tasks under these constraints. Despite variations in definitions, QRTs often share structural similarities in resource measures and convertibility. Examples include entanglement, quantum reference frames, thermodynamics, coherence, and non-locality. QRTs enable practical analysis by focusing on operations that reflect current experimental capabilities, allow rigorous comparison of resource amounts, enable fine-grained analysis of fundamental processes, and identify common structures across different theories. The article reviews the general framework of QRTs, focusing on common features, tasks, and measures. It discusses different types of QRTs, their structures, and how they apply to various quantum phenomena. The paper also explores the mathematical tools and techniques used in QRTs, such as majorization theory, convex analysis, and entropic measures. It concludes with an overview of open problems and future research directions in the field.