This supplementary material provides detailed experimental and theoretical support for the quasi-waffle solar distiller (WSE) designed for durable desalination of seawater. It includes figures, tables, and notes that enhance the understanding of the WSE's performance and mechanisms. **Figures:** - **Fig. S1 to S26** illustrate various aspects of the WSE, including XPS spectra, flexural strength, evaporation setup, evaporation rates under different solar flux, photothermal conversion performance, salt removal tests, and numerical simulations. - **Fig. S15 to S26** focus on the Marangoni effect, including theoretical analysis, flow patterns, and energy utilization efficiency. **Tables:** - **Table S1** provides parameters for numerical simulations. - **Table S2** compares the WSE with other water purification methods. **Notes:** - **Note S1** discusses the salt concentration distribution and Marangoni flow, including theoretical models and experimental observations. - **Note S2** compares the Marangoni flow in WSE and conventional evaporators, highlighting the synergistic effect in WSE. - **Note S3** analyzes the energy utilization efficiency, considering heat loss and theoretical maximum evaporation rates. - **Note S4** outlines the governing equations for numerical simulations of the evaporation process. - **Note S5** describes the numerical simulation of the evaporation process, including the calculation of evaporation rates and concentration changes. - **Note S6** provides the corrected function for surface tension and the calculation of Marangoni stress. - **Note S7** lists the modelling parameters for water evaporation. - **Note S8** assesses the cost and performance of the WSE compared to other water purification methods. The supplementary material supports the main findings and demonstrates the effectiveness and durability of the WSE in desalination processes.This supplementary material provides detailed experimental and theoretical support for the quasi-waffle solar distiller (WSE) designed for durable desalination of seawater. It includes figures, tables, and notes that enhance the understanding of the WSE's performance and mechanisms. **Figures:** - **Fig. S1 to S26** illustrate various aspects of the WSE, including XPS spectra, flexural strength, evaporation setup, evaporation rates under different solar flux, photothermal conversion performance, salt removal tests, and numerical simulations. - **Fig. S15 to S26** focus on the Marangoni effect, including theoretical analysis, flow patterns, and energy utilization efficiency. **Tables:** - **Table S1** provides parameters for numerical simulations. - **Table S2** compares the WSE with other water purification methods. **Notes:** - **Note S1** discusses the salt concentration distribution and Marangoni flow, including theoretical models and experimental observations. - **Note S2** compares the Marangoni flow in WSE and conventional evaporators, highlighting the synergistic effect in WSE. - **Note S3** analyzes the energy utilization efficiency, considering heat loss and theoretical maximum evaporation rates. - **Note S4** outlines the governing equations for numerical simulations of the evaporation process. - **Note S5** describes the numerical simulation of the evaporation process, including the calculation of evaporation rates and concentration changes. - **Note S6** provides the corrected function for surface tension and the calculation of Marangoni stress. - **Note S7** lists the modelling parameters for water evaporation. - **Note S8** assesses the cost and performance of the WSE compared to other water purification methods. The supplementary material supports the main findings and demonstrates the effectiveness and durability of the WSE in desalination processes.