Quorum sensing is a cell-to-cell communication system in Gram-negative bacteria that coordinates gene expression to regulate collective behaviors. Autoinducers, such as acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), are produced, released, and detected by bacteria to control gene expression. Recent studies have identified new autoinducers, their receptors, and the regulatory networks that govern quorum sensing. These systems allow bacteria to respond to population density and environmental changes, enabling behaviors like biofilm formation, virulence, and public good production. Quorum sensing also plays a role in host-microbe interactions, influencing microbial communities and host defenses. The review highlights the diversity of quorum sensing systems, including different autoinducers, receptors, and network architectures. It discusses how these systems integrate signals, respond to environmental cues, and maintain coordination among bacterial cells. The review also explores the implications of quorum sensing for bacterial pathogenesis, host interactions, and potential therapeutic applications. Key findings include the role of quorum sensing in bacterial communication, the diversity of autoinducers and receptors, and the importance of regulatory networks in controlling gene expression. The review emphasizes the significance of quorum sensing in bacterial life and its potential applications in controlling microbial behavior.Quorum sensing is a cell-to-cell communication system in Gram-negative bacteria that coordinates gene expression to regulate collective behaviors. Autoinducers, such as acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), are produced, released, and detected by bacteria to control gene expression. Recent studies have identified new autoinducers, their receptors, and the regulatory networks that govern quorum sensing. These systems allow bacteria to respond to population density and environmental changes, enabling behaviors like biofilm formation, virulence, and public good production. Quorum sensing also plays a role in host-microbe interactions, influencing microbial communities and host defenses. The review highlights the diversity of quorum sensing systems, including different autoinducers, receptors, and network architectures. It discusses how these systems integrate signals, respond to environmental cues, and maintain coordination among bacterial cells. The review also explores the implications of quorum sensing for bacterial pathogenesis, host interactions, and potential therapeutic applications. Key findings include the role of quorum sensing in bacterial communication, the diversity of autoinducers and receptors, and the importance of regulatory networks in controlling gene expression. The review emphasizes the significance of quorum sensing in bacterial life and its potential applications in controlling microbial behavior.