Edge computing has transformed real-time data processing and analytics by enabling faster, more efficient data handling closer to the source. This review explores the fundamental concepts, advantages, and applications of edge computing in various sectors, including healthcare, manufacturing, transportation, and smart cities. Edge computing reduces latency, enhances privacy and security, and improves operational efficiency by processing data locally, minimizing the need for data transmission to centralized servers. It supports real-time analytics, allowing organizations to derive actionable insights quickly and make informed decisions. The integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence at the edge enables autonomous decision-making and predictive analytics, enhancing responsiveness and efficiency in time-sensitive applications. Edge computing also facilitates the implementation of real-time analytics, reducing data transmission volume and optimizing network bandwidth. In healthcare, it enables real-time monitoring of patient health data, improving outcomes and reducing costs. In manufacturing, it allows for predictive maintenance and quality control. In transportation, it supports dynamic traffic management and autonomous vehicle operations. Edge computing also enhances public safety through real-time video surveillance and emergency response. It improves energy efficiency in smart buildings and infrastructure. The review highlights the importance of data privacy and security in edge computing environments, emphasizing the need for robust security measures. Edge computing offers opportunities for business optimization and value creation, enabling personalized services and new revenue streams. The future of edge computing is promising, with advancements in 5G, AI, and blockchain expected to further enhance its capabilities. Edge computing represents a paradigm shift in data processing and analytics, offering significant benefits in terms of efficiency, agility, and competitiveness. By embracing edge computing, organizations can position themselves for success in an increasingly connected and data-driven world.Edge computing has transformed real-time data processing and analytics by enabling faster, more efficient data handling closer to the source. This review explores the fundamental concepts, advantages, and applications of edge computing in various sectors, including healthcare, manufacturing, transportation, and smart cities. Edge computing reduces latency, enhances privacy and security, and improves operational efficiency by processing data locally, minimizing the need for data transmission to centralized servers. It supports real-time analytics, allowing organizations to derive actionable insights quickly and make informed decisions. The integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence at the edge enables autonomous decision-making and predictive analytics, enhancing responsiveness and efficiency in time-sensitive applications. Edge computing also facilitates the implementation of real-time analytics, reducing data transmission volume and optimizing network bandwidth. In healthcare, it enables real-time monitoring of patient health data, improving outcomes and reducing costs. In manufacturing, it allows for predictive maintenance and quality control. In transportation, it supports dynamic traffic management and autonomous vehicle operations. Edge computing also enhances public safety through real-time video surveillance and emergency response. It improves energy efficiency in smart buildings and infrastructure. The review highlights the importance of data privacy and security in edge computing environments, emphasizing the need for robust security measures. Edge computing offers opportunities for business optimization and value creation, enabling personalized services and new revenue streams. The future of edge computing is promising, with advancements in 5G, AI, and blockchain expected to further enhance its capabilities. Edge computing represents a paradigm shift in data processing and analytics, offering significant benefits in terms of efficiency, agility, and competitiveness. By embracing edge computing, organizations can position themselves for success in an increasingly connected and data-driven world.