This paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of telecommunication regulation and policy frameworks in the United States (USA) and various African countries. The study explores the historical evolution, regulatory bodies, and frameworks in both regions, aiming to identify commonalities, disparities, and the impact of regulatory approaches on market dynamics. The review begins by outlining the theoretical foundations of telecommunications regulation, emphasizing concepts such as market liberalization, competition, and regulatory governance. It then delves into the regulatory landscape of the USA, focusing on the roles and responsibilities of key bodies like the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), and the challenges and achievements within the US regulatory environment. In Africa, the study examines diverse regulatory approaches, the influence of regional organizations, and the unique contextual factors shaping the regulatory landscape. The core of the analysis involves a comparative assessment of regulatory objectives and policy instruments between the USA and Africa, evaluating their alignment with socio-economic contexts and effectiveness in achieving regulatory goals. The paper also contrasts market structures, competition levels, and the role of regulation in fostering technological development, particularly in the deployment of emerging technologies like 5G. Key findings highlight patterns, trends, and lessons learned, emphasizing the potential for international collaboration and the identification of areas where improvements in regulatory frameworks can contribute to sustainable development in both regions.This paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of telecommunication regulation and policy frameworks in the United States (USA) and various African countries. The study explores the historical evolution, regulatory bodies, and frameworks in both regions, aiming to identify commonalities, disparities, and the impact of regulatory approaches on market dynamics. The review begins by outlining the theoretical foundations of telecommunications regulation, emphasizing concepts such as market liberalization, competition, and regulatory governance. It then delves into the regulatory landscape of the USA, focusing on the roles and responsibilities of key bodies like the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), and the challenges and achievements within the US regulatory environment. In Africa, the study examines diverse regulatory approaches, the influence of regional organizations, and the unique contextual factors shaping the regulatory landscape. The core of the analysis involves a comparative assessment of regulatory objectives and policy instruments between the USA and Africa, evaluating their alignment with socio-economic contexts and effectiveness in achieving regulatory goals. The paper also contrasts market structures, competition levels, and the role of regulation in fostering technological development, particularly in the deployment of emerging technologies like 5G. Key findings highlight patterns, trends, and lessons learned, emphasizing the potential for international collaboration and the identification of areas where improvements in regulatory frameworks can contribute to sustainable development in both regions.