RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play crucial roles in the biogenesis, stability, function, transport, and cellular localization of RNAs. Eukaryotic cells encode a vast array of RBPs, each with unique RNA-binding activities and protein-protein interaction characteristics. These RBPs form ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes that are essential for various post-transcriptional processes, including alternative splicing, RNA editing, polyadenylation, mRNA export, localization, translation, and turnover. The diversity of RBPs and their interactions allows for the formation of unique RNPs for each RNA, enabling precise regulation of gene expression. This review highlights the diverse functions of RBPs and the mechanisms by which they regulate these processes, emphasizing the importance of RBPs in maintaining cellular homeostasis and disease states.RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play crucial roles in the biogenesis, stability, function, transport, and cellular localization of RNAs. Eukaryotic cells encode a vast array of RBPs, each with unique RNA-binding activities and protein-protein interaction characteristics. These RBPs form ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes that are essential for various post-transcriptional processes, including alternative splicing, RNA editing, polyadenylation, mRNA export, localization, translation, and turnover. The diversity of RBPs and their interactions allows for the formation of unique RNPs for each RNA, enabling precise regulation of gene expression. This review highlights the diverse functions of RBPs and the mechanisms by which they regulate these processes, emphasizing the importance of RBPs in maintaining cellular homeostasis and disease states.