This article provides an overview of RNA editing enzymes, focusing on their structure, function, and applications. RNA editing, a ubiquitous modification in mammalian transcriptomes, involves two main types of events: adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editing, catalyzed by ADARs on double-stranded RNA or ADATs on tRNA, and cytosine to uridine (C-to-U) editing, catalyzed by APOBECs. The article discusses the structural characteristics and catalytic mechanisms of these enzymes, highlighting their roles in various cellular processes such as innate immunity, cancer biogenesis, and antiviral activity. It also explores RNA editing tools for correcting disease-causing mutations and their potential applications in biotechnology and therapy. The review emphasizes the importance of RNA editing in shaping protein isoforms, regulating gene expression, and influencing viral replication and immune responses. Additionally, it addresses the challenges and future directions in understanding and utilizing RNA editing for therapeutic purposes.This article provides an overview of RNA editing enzymes, focusing on their structure, function, and applications. RNA editing, a ubiquitous modification in mammalian transcriptomes, involves two main types of events: adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editing, catalyzed by ADARs on double-stranded RNA or ADATs on tRNA, and cytosine to uridine (C-to-U) editing, catalyzed by APOBECs. The article discusses the structural characteristics and catalytic mechanisms of these enzymes, highlighting their roles in various cellular processes such as innate immunity, cancer biogenesis, and antiviral activity. It also explores RNA editing tools for correcting disease-causing mutations and their potential applications in biotechnology and therapy. The review emphasizes the importance of RNA editing in shaping protein isoforms, regulating gene expression, and influencing viral replication and immune responses. Additionally, it addresses the challenges and future directions in understanding and utilizing RNA editing for therapeutic purposes.