This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the relationship between racism and mental and physical health outcomes. The study analyzed data from 293 studies published between 1983 and 2013, primarily in the U.S., using random effects models and mean weighted effect sizes. Key findings include: 1. **Mental Health**: Racism is associated with poorer mental health, including depression, anxiety, psychological stress, and various other outcomes (negative mental health: r = -.23, 95% CI [-.24, -.21], k = 227; positive mental health: r = -.13, 95% CI [-.16, -.10], k = 113). 2. **Physical Health**: Racism is also associated with poorer general health (r = -.13, 95% CI [-.18, -.09], k = 30) and poorer physical health (r = -.09, 95% CI [-.12, -.06], k = 50). 3. **Moderation Effects**: Some outcomes showed moderation effects based on study and exposure characteristics. For example, age, sex, birthplace, and education level did not moderate the effects of racism on health, while ethnicity significantly moderated the effect of racism on negative mental health and physical health. Asian American and Latino(a) American participants reported stronger associations with negative mental health and physical health compared to African American participants. 4. **Study-Level Moderators**: Publication status, sampling procedure, data type, exposure instrument reliability, and exposure instrument number of items were examined as moderators. Published studies had larger effect sizes compared to unpublished studies. The study highlights the significant impact of racism on mental and physical health, emphasizing the need for further longitudinal research to better understand the causal pathways and potential moderators of these relationships.This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the relationship between racism and mental and physical health outcomes. The study analyzed data from 293 studies published between 1983 and 2013, primarily in the U.S., using random effects models and mean weighted effect sizes. Key findings include: 1. **Mental Health**: Racism is associated with poorer mental health, including depression, anxiety, psychological stress, and various other outcomes (negative mental health: r = -.23, 95% CI [-.24, -.21], k = 227; positive mental health: r = -.13, 95% CI [-.16, -.10], k = 113). 2. **Physical Health**: Racism is also associated with poorer general health (r = -.13, 95% CI [-.18, -.09], k = 30) and poorer physical health (r = -.09, 95% CI [-.12, -.06], k = 50). 3. **Moderation Effects**: Some outcomes showed moderation effects based on study and exposure characteristics. For example, age, sex, birthplace, and education level did not moderate the effects of racism on health, while ethnicity significantly moderated the effect of racism on negative mental health and physical health. Asian American and Latino(a) American participants reported stronger associations with negative mental health and physical health compared to African American participants. 4. **Study-Level Moderators**: Publication status, sampling procedure, data type, exposure instrument reliability, and exposure instrument number of items were examined as moderators. Published studies had larger effect sizes compared to unpublished studies. The study highlights the significant impact of racism on mental and physical health, emphasizing the need for further longitudinal research to better understand the causal pathways and potential moderators of these relationships.