Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene Edges

Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene Edges

29 Oct 2008 | C. Casiraghi, A. Hartschuh, H. Qian, S. Piscanec, C. Georgi, K. S. Novoselov, D. M. Basko, A. C. Ferrari
This paper presents a detailed Raman spectroscopy study of graphene edges, focusing on the G and D peaks as functions of incident light polarization. The D peak is strongest when light is polarized parallel to the edge and weakest when perpendicular. Raman mapping shows that the D peak is localized near the edge, and the D/G ratio does not always depend on edge orientation, indicating that edges may not be microscopically ordered even if they appear smooth and well-oriented macroscopically. Graphene, a new carbon allotrope, has attracted significant research due to its unique electronic properties and potential applications in nanoelectronics. Raman spectroscopy is a sensitive tool for identifying graphene edges and monitoring defects and doping. Graphene layers can be processed into nanoribbons, and their edges can be armchair or zigzag. Raman spectroscopy reveals that the D peak is related to defects and is sensitive to edge orientation. The D peak intensity depends on the edge's disorder and is not necessarily related to the number of graphene layers. The D peak arises from inter-valley scattering, and its intensity is proportional to the amount of disorder. The D peak is not always present in as-prepared graphene, but appears at edges due to their defect-like nature. The D peak's polarization dependence is related to the edge's chirality, with maximum intensity when polarization is parallel to the edge. The D peak's intensity is also influenced by the edge's disorder and the incident light's polarization. The study shows that Raman spectroscopy is an effective tool for probing graphene edges, revealing that edges are not necessarily perfectly ordered, even if they appear smooth and well-oriented. The D peak's intensity is influenced by the edge's disorder and the incident light's polarization, and the D/G ratio varies with edge orientation. The study also shows that Raman spectroscopy can distinguish between different edge types, such as zigzag and armchair, based on the D peak's intensity and polarization dependence. The results indicate that edges can be mixed and disordered, even if they appear well-defined on a larger scale. The study highlights the importance of Raman spectroscopy in understanding graphene edges and their properties.This paper presents a detailed Raman spectroscopy study of graphene edges, focusing on the G and D peaks as functions of incident light polarization. The D peak is strongest when light is polarized parallel to the edge and weakest when perpendicular. Raman mapping shows that the D peak is localized near the edge, and the D/G ratio does not always depend on edge orientation, indicating that edges may not be microscopically ordered even if they appear smooth and well-oriented macroscopically. Graphene, a new carbon allotrope, has attracted significant research due to its unique electronic properties and potential applications in nanoelectronics. Raman spectroscopy is a sensitive tool for identifying graphene edges and monitoring defects and doping. Graphene layers can be processed into nanoribbons, and their edges can be armchair or zigzag. Raman spectroscopy reveals that the D peak is related to defects and is sensitive to edge orientation. The D peak intensity depends on the edge's disorder and is not necessarily related to the number of graphene layers. The D peak arises from inter-valley scattering, and its intensity is proportional to the amount of disorder. The D peak is not always present in as-prepared graphene, but appears at edges due to their defect-like nature. The D peak's polarization dependence is related to the edge's chirality, with maximum intensity when polarization is parallel to the edge. The D peak's intensity is also influenced by the edge's disorder and the incident light's polarization. The study shows that Raman spectroscopy is an effective tool for probing graphene edges, revealing that edges are not necessarily perfectly ordered, even if they appear smooth and well-oriented. The D peak's intensity is influenced by the edge's disorder and the incident light's polarization, and the D/G ratio varies with edge orientation. The study also shows that Raman spectroscopy can distinguish between different edge types, such as zigzag and armchair, based on the D peak's intensity and polarization dependence. The results indicate that edges can be mixed and disordered, even if they appear well-defined on a larger scale. The study highlights the importance of Raman spectroscopy in understanding graphene edges and their properties.
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Understanding Raman spectroscopy of graphene edges.