Ranibizumab is a recombinant, humanized monoclonal antibody fragment that targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key mediator of angiogenesis and vascular permeability. It is used to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a condition characterized by choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and photoreceptor loss. Ranibizumab is administered intravitreally and has been shown to significantly improve visual acuity in patients with neovascular AMD. It works by inhibiting VEGF, reducing CNV activity, and decreasing intraretinal and subretinal fluid accumulation. Clinical trials, including the MARINA and ANCHOR studies, have demonstrated that ranibizumab is effective in maintaining or improving vision in patients with neovascular AMD, with significant improvements in visual acuity compared to control groups. Ranibizumab is generally well-tolerated, with rare but serious side effects such as endophthalmitis and intraocular inflammation. Bevacizumab, a similar anti-VEGF agent, has also been used off-label for neovascular AMD, showing comparable efficacy. However, it may carry higher systemic risks. Other treatments, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), corticosteroids, and anecortave acetate, have also been evaluated, but ranibizumab has shown superior results in clinical trials. Future research may explore combination therapies and new treatment modalities to optimize outcomes for patients with neovascular AMD. Despite its effectiveness, long-term safety concerns, both ocular and systemic, remain important considerations. Overall, ranibizumab represents a significant advancement in the treatment of neovascular AMD, offering a promising option for improving visual outcomes in affected patients.Ranibizumab is a recombinant, humanized monoclonal antibody fragment that targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key mediator of angiogenesis and vascular permeability. It is used to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a condition characterized by choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and photoreceptor loss. Ranibizumab is administered intravitreally and has been shown to significantly improve visual acuity in patients with neovascular AMD. It works by inhibiting VEGF, reducing CNV activity, and decreasing intraretinal and subretinal fluid accumulation. Clinical trials, including the MARINA and ANCHOR studies, have demonstrated that ranibizumab is effective in maintaining or improving vision in patients with neovascular AMD, with significant improvements in visual acuity compared to control groups. Ranibizumab is generally well-tolerated, with rare but serious side effects such as endophthalmitis and intraocular inflammation. Bevacizumab, a similar anti-VEGF agent, has also been used off-label for neovascular AMD, showing comparable efficacy. However, it may carry higher systemic risks. Other treatments, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), corticosteroids, and anecortave acetate, have also been evaluated, but ranibizumab has shown superior results in clinical trials. Future research may explore combination therapies and new treatment modalities to optimize outcomes for patients with neovascular AMD. Despite its effectiveness, long-term safety concerns, both ocular and systemic, remain important considerations. Overall, ranibizumab represents a significant advancement in the treatment of neovascular AMD, offering a promising option for improving visual outcomes in affected patients.