The chapter discusses the challenges and current methodologies for diagnosing malaria, emphasizing the need for rapid and accurate methods. Traditional methods, such as stained blood films, are time-consuming and require significant expertise, making them impractical for routine use. New technologies, including fluorescence microscopy and PCR, offer faster and more sensitive alternatives but have limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Immunochromatographic dipsticks, which are commercially available and easy to use, provide rapid results but have lower sensitivity compared to microscopy. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set standards for rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), requiring them to be at least as accurate as microscopy and capable of detecting low levels of parasitemia. The chapter also highlights the importance of distinguishing viable parasites from nonviable ones and monitoring treatment outcomes. Despite these advancements, the gold standard for malaria diagnosis remains microscopic examination, as it provides species-level identification and visual confirmation of parasite presence.The chapter discusses the challenges and current methodologies for diagnosing malaria, emphasizing the need for rapid and accurate methods. Traditional methods, such as stained blood films, are time-consuming and require significant expertise, making them impractical for routine use. New technologies, including fluorescence microscopy and PCR, offer faster and more sensitive alternatives but have limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Immunochromatographic dipsticks, which are commercially available and easy to use, provide rapid results but have lower sensitivity compared to microscopy. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set standards for rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), requiring them to be at least as accurate as microscopy and capable of detecting low levels of parasitemia. The chapter also highlights the importance of distinguishing viable parasites from nonviable ones and monitoring treatment outcomes. Despite these advancements, the gold standard for malaria diagnosis remains microscopic examination, as it provides species-level identification and visual confirmation of parasite presence.