This review discusses the detection principles, fabrication techniques, and applications of rapid SARS-CoV-2 detection methods, including rapid nucleic acid amplification tests, rapid immunoassays, and biosensors. The focus is on enhancing biosensors with nanomaterials for rapid, sensitive, and low-cost diagnostics. The review highlights the importance of nanomaterials in improving the performance of biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection. It also discusses the development of various rapid detection methods, including RT-qPCR, RT-LAMP, and other nucleic acid amplification techniques, as well as lateral flow immunoassays and biosensors. The review emphasizes the role of nanomaterials in biosensors, such as gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, in improving sensitivity and detection efficiency. It also discusses the use of biosensors in detecting SARS-CoV-2 antigens, antibodies, and RNA, and highlights the potential of biosensors in future pandemic preparedness. The review concludes that biosensors, particularly electrochemical and optical biosensors, are promising tools for rapid and accurate SARS-CoV-2 detection, and that the integration of nanomaterials into biosensors is a key area for future development.This review discusses the detection principles, fabrication techniques, and applications of rapid SARS-CoV-2 detection methods, including rapid nucleic acid amplification tests, rapid immunoassays, and biosensors. The focus is on enhancing biosensors with nanomaterials for rapid, sensitive, and low-cost diagnostics. The review highlights the importance of nanomaterials in improving the performance of biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection. It also discusses the development of various rapid detection methods, including RT-qPCR, RT-LAMP, and other nucleic acid amplification techniques, as well as lateral flow immunoassays and biosensors. The review emphasizes the role of nanomaterials in biosensors, such as gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, in improving sensitivity and detection efficiency. It also discusses the use of biosensors in detecting SARS-CoV-2 antigens, antibodies, and RNA, and highlights the potential of biosensors in future pandemic preparedness. The review concludes that biosensors, particularly electrochemical and optical biosensors, are promising tools for rapid and accurate SARS-CoV-2 detection, and that the integration of nanomaterials into biosensors is a key area for future development.