Phosphor-glass composites (PGC) are promising for efficient and stable photonic converters, but their synthesis typically involves harsh procedures and long times, leading to performance loss and energy consumption. This study presents a rapid synthetic route to PGC within about 10 seconds, achieved through particle self-stabilization in molten tellurite glass. The good wettability between Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ (YAG:Ce) phosphor particles and the glass melt creates an energy barrier, preventing atomic-scale contact and sintering of the particles. This results in uniform dispersion of YAG:Ce particles, leading to high quantum efficiency (98.4%) and absorption coefficient (86.8%). The YAG:Ce-PGC can produce bright white light with a luminous flux of 1227 lm and luminous efficiency of 276 lm W−1 under blue laser excitation. The fast synthesis strategy can also be extended to synthesize various color-tunable composites with high quantum efficiency. The method offers a generalizable approach for developing functional glass composites, addressing the limitations of traditional organic encapsulation methods and providing a more convenient and economical solution for photonic conversion applications.Phosphor-glass composites (PGC) are promising for efficient and stable photonic converters, but their synthesis typically involves harsh procedures and long times, leading to performance loss and energy consumption. This study presents a rapid synthetic route to PGC within about 10 seconds, achieved through particle self-stabilization in molten tellurite glass. The good wettability between Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ (YAG:Ce) phosphor particles and the glass melt creates an energy barrier, preventing atomic-scale contact and sintering of the particles. This results in uniform dispersion of YAG:Ce particles, leading to high quantum efficiency (98.4%) and absorption coefficient (86.8%). The YAG:Ce-PGC can produce bright white light with a luminous flux of 1227 lm and luminous efficiency of 276 lm W−1 under blue laser excitation. The fast synthesis strategy can also be extended to synthesize various color-tunable composites with high quantum efficiency. The method offers a generalizable approach for developing functional glass composites, addressing the limitations of traditional organic encapsulation methods and providing a more convenient and economical solution for photonic conversion applications.