The article "Reactive Gliosis and the Multicellular Response to CNS Damage and Disease" by Joshua E. Burda and Michael V. Sofroniew, published in *Neuron* in 2014, explores the complex cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the response of the central nervous system (CNS) to various insults, including acute focal injuries and chronic diseases. The authors highlight the involvement of multiple cell types, such as neural and non-neural cells intrinsic to the CNS, as well as blood-borne cells, in these responses. They discuss the three phases of the response to acute focal insults: cell death and inflammation, cell proliferation for tissue replacement, and tissue remodeling. The article also examines the formation of astrocyte scars and the role of reactive gliosis in chronic focal insults like infections, tumors, and autoimmune lesions. Additionally, it addresses the impact of diffuse insults on neurodegenerative diseases and epilepsy, and the potential for non-cell autonomous neuronal degeneration. The authors emphasize the importance of understanding the interplay between different cell types and the molecular signaling pathways involved in these responses to advance therapeutic strategies for CNS disorders.The article "Reactive Gliosis and the Multicellular Response to CNS Damage and Disease" by Joshua E. Burda and Michael V. Sofroniew, published in *Neuron* in 2014, explores the complex cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the response of the central nervous system (CNS) to various insults, including acute focal injuries and chronic diseases. The authors highlight the involvement of multiple cell types, such as neural and non-neural cells intrinsic to the CNS, as well as blood-borne cells, in these responses. They discuss the three phases of the response to acute focal insults: cell death and inflammation, cell proliferation for tissue replacement, and tissue remodeling. The article also examines the formation of astrocyte scars and the role of reactive gliosis in chronic focal insults like infections, tumors, and autoimmune lesions. Additionally, it addresses the impact of diffuse insults on neurodegenerative diseases and epilepsy, and the potential for non-cell autonomous neuronal degeneration. The authors emphasize the importance of understanding the interplay between different cell types and the molecular signaling pathways involved in these responses to advance therapeutic strategies for CNS disorders.