The article discusses the challenges and issues affecting the results of real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) in the detection of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. Despite its rapid and reliable nature, RT-PCR can yield false-negative and false-positive results due to various factors such as viral genetic diversity, primer and probe design, sample collection, and handling. The authors emphasize the importance of combining RT-PCR with clinical features, especially CT images, to improve diagnostic accuracy. They also highlight the need for proper sampling procedures, high-quality reagents, and adherence to laboratory standards to minimize false results. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed a diagnostic panel to reduce the risk of false positives, which includes negative template controls and internal controls to detect sample contamination. The article concludes that cautious interpretation of RT-PCR results is essential, and multiple sample types and time points should be tested to ensure accurate diagnosis.The article discusses the challenges and issues affecting the results of real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) in the detection of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. Despite its rapid and reliable nature, RT-PCR can yield false-negative and false-positive results due to various factors such as viral genetic diversity, primer and probe design, sample collection, and handling. The authors emphasize the importance of combining RT-PCR with clinical features, especially CT images, to improve diagnostic accuracy. They also highlight the need for proper sampling procedures, high-quality reagents, and adherence to laboratory standards to minimize false results. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed a diagnostic panel to reduce the risk of false positives, which includes negative template controls and internal controls to detect sample contamination. The article concludes that cautious interpretation of RT-PCR results is essential, and multiple sample types and time points should be tested to ensure accurate diagnosis.