The article discusses the importance of a One Health (OH) approach in disease surveillance, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the need for a comprehensive framework that integrates human, animal, and environmental health to detect and respond to emerging threats. The authors emphasize the challenges faced by existing surveillance systems, such as underreporting, fragmented data, and inadequate laboratory capacity, and propose a roadmap for developing an OH disease surveillance system. They advocate for the use of wastewater testing as a key tool, leveraging the concept of "one sample many analyses" (OSMA) to detect and monitor a wide range of pathogens and chemicals. The article also reviews the progress made by international organizations in strengthening OH cooperation, particularly through the signing of a quadripartite agreement by the FAO, WHO, WOAH, and UNEP. It outlines the potential of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) to complement traditional surveillance methods and improve public health outcomes. The authors suggest that a more efficient environmental sampling approach, utilizing OSMA, can enhance the effectiveness of OH surveillance programs. They propose a framework for designing such programs, emphasizing the importance of localized risk assessments and the sharing of resources across borders. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for a national and international network of laboratories dedicated to OH-driven risk management and the integration of advanced computational tools to analyze large datasets.The article discusses the importance of a One Health (OH) approach in disease surveillance, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the need for a comprehensive framework that integrates human, animal, and environmental health to detect and respond to emerging threats. The authors emphasize the challenges faced by existing surveillance systems, such as underreporting, fragmented data, and inadequate laboratory capacity, and propose a roadmap for developing an OH disease surveillance system. They advocate for the use of wastewater testing as a key tool, leveraging the concept of "one sample many analyses" (OSMA) to detect and monitor a wide range of pathogens and chemicals. The article also reviews the progress made by international organizations in strengthening OH cooperation, particularly through the signing of a quadripartite agreement by the FAO, WHO, WOAH, and UNEP. It outlines the potential of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) to complement traditional surveillance methods and improve public health outcomes. The authors suggest that a more efficient environmental sampling approach, utilizing OSMA, can enhance the effectiveness of OH surveillance programs. They propose a framework for designing such programs, emphasizing the importance of localized risk assessments and the sharing of resources across borders. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for a national and international network of laboratories dedicated to OH-driven risk management and the integration of advanced computational tools to analyze large datasets.