The article discusses the challenges and strategies for rebuilding global fisheries. It highlights that despite efforts to restore marine ecosystems, 63% of assessed fish stocks worldwide still require rebuilding. The study analyzes trends in 10 well-studied ecosystems and finds that in 5 of them, the average exploitation rate has declined and is now at or below the rate predicted to achieve maximum sustainable yield. However, even lower exploitation rates are needed to reverse the collapse of vulnerable species. The study emphasizes the importance of combining diverse management actions, such as catch restrictions, gear modification, and closed areas, depending on local contexts. International fleets and the lack of alternatives to fishing complicate rebuilding efforts in many poorer regions, highlighting the need for a global perspective on marine resource management. The article also discusses the impact of overfishing on marine ecosystems, noting that it has reduced biodiversity and modified ecosystem functioning. Current trends and future prospects for global fisheries remain controversial, and solutions for restoring marine fisheries and their ecosystems are hotly debated. The study provides an integrated assessment of the status, trends, and solutions in marine fisheries, exploring the prospects for rebuilding depleted marine fish populations and restoring the ecosystems they are part of. The study uses data from global catch data, scientific stock assessments, and research trawl surveys to evaluate the effects of exploitation on marine communities. The study finds that a range of exploitation rates can achieve high yields and maintain most species. It evaluates trends in 10 large marine ecosystems and finds that in some ecosystems, exploitation rates have declined, leading to the rebuilding of some depleted stocks. However, in other ecosystems, exploitation rates remain high, leading to continued overfishing. The study also discusses the importance of managing small-scale fisheries, which constitute only a fraction of global fisheries but are important for local communities. The study highlights the need for effective management tools, such as gear restrictions, closed areas, and catch shares, to reduce exploitation rates and promote sustainable fishing practices. The study concludes that marine ecosystems are currently subjected to a range of exploitation rates, resulting in a mosaic of stable, declining, collapsed, and rebuilding fish stocks and ecosystems. Management actions have achieved measurable reductions in exploitation rates in some regions, but a significant fraction of stocks will remain collapsed unless there are further reductions in exploitation rates. Effective controls on exploitation rates are still lacking in vast areas of the ocean, including those beyond national jurisdiction. The study emphasizes the importance of a global perspective on marine resource management and the need for effective policies to ensure the sustainability of fisheries and marine ecosystems.The article discusses the challenges and strategies for rebuilding global fisheries. It highlights that despite efforts to restore marine ecosystems, 63% of assessed fish stocks worldwide still require rebuilding. The study analyzes trends in 10 well-studied ecosystems and finds that in 5 of them, the average exploitation rate has declined and is now at or below the rate predicted to achieve maximum sustainable yield. However, even lower exploitation rates are needed to reverse the collapse of vulnerable species. The study emphasizes the importance of combining diverse management actions, such as catch restrictions, gear modification, and closed areas, depending on local contexts. International fleets and the lack of alternatives to fishing complicate rebuilding efforts in many poorer regions, highlighting the need for a global perspective on marine resource management. The article also discusses the impact of overfishing on marine ecosystems, noting that it has reduced biodiversity and modified ecosystem functioning. Current trends and future prospects for global fisheries remain controversial, and solutions for restoring marine fisheries and their ecosystems are hotly debated. The study provides an integrated assessment of the status, trends, and solutions in marine fisheries, exploring the prospects for rebuilding depleted marine fish populations and restoring the ecosystems they are part of. The study uses data from global catch data, scientific stock assessments, and research trawl surveys to evaluate the effects of exploitation on marine communities. The study finds that a range of exploitation rates can achieve high yields and maintain most species. It evaluates trends in 10 large marine ecosystems and finds that in some ecosystems, exploitation rates have declined, leading to the rebuilding of some depleted stocks. However, in other ecosystems, exploitation rates remain high, leading to continued overfishing. The study also discusses the importance of managing small-scale fisheries, which constitute only a fraction of global fisheries but are important for local communities. The study highlights the need for effective management tools, such as gear restrictions, closed areas, and catch shares, to reduce exploitation rates and promote sustainable fishing practices. The study concludes that marine ecosystems are currently subjected to a range of exploitation rates, resulting in a mosaic of stable, declining, collapsed, and rebuilding fish stocks and ecosystems. Management actions have achieved measurable reductions in exploitation rates in some regions, but a significant fraction of stocks will remain collapsed unless there are further reductions in exploitation rates. Effective controls on exploitation rates are still lacking in vast areas of the ocean, including those beyond national jurisdiction. The study emphasizes the importance of a global perspective on marine resource management and the need for effective policies to ensure the sustainability of fisheries and marine ecosystems.