This review delves into the recent advancements in high-performance and multifunctional neuromorphic devices for artificial intelligence applications, focusing on plasticity modulation techniques. It provides an in-depth discussion on chemical techniques, device structure design, and physical signal modulation for advanced neuromorphic applications. The review highlights the potential of exploring novel plasticity modulation mechanisms and techniques for scaled neural networks and their applications in multimodal collaborative neuromorphic systems. Key strategies include chemical techniques such as surface modification and component regulation, device structure design for reconfigurable operation, and physical signal sensing for integrating sensory units with processing circuits. The review also discusses the challenges and future prospects in plasticity modulation techniques, emphasizing the need for further research to achieve complex bio-inspired neuromorphic functions.This review delves into the recent advancements in high-performance and multifunctional neuromorphic devices for artificial intelligence applications, focusing on plasticity modulation techniques. It provides an in-depth discussion on chemical techniques, device structure design, and physical signal modulation for advanced neuromorphic applications. The review highlights the potential of exploring novel plasticity modulation mechanisms and techniques for scaled neural networks and their applications in multimodal collaborative neuromorphic systems. Key strategies include chemical techniques such as surface modification and component regulation, device structure design for reconfigurable operation, and physical signal sensing for integrating sensory units with processing circuits. The review also discusses the challenges and future prospects in plasticity modulation techniques, emphasizing the need for further research to achieve complex bio-inspired neuromorphic functions.