Recent advancements in mitigating abiotic stresses in crops have been reviewed, highlighting various strategies to improve crop resilience and productivity under stress conditions. Abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, waterlogging, temperature stress, and heavy metal accumulation significantly impact plant growth, photosynthesis, and yield. The review discusses several approaches, including conventional and modern breeding techniques, speed breeding, seed priming, microbial seed treatments, plant growth regulators, osmoprotectants, and the use of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AMF). These methods aim to enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stresses by improving physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes. Genetic engineering and genome editing, such as CRISPR-Cas9, have also been explored to modify gene expression and improve stress tolerance. Speed breeding, a technique that accelerates plant growth cycles, is highlighted as a promising method to develop resilient crop varieties quickly. Seed priming, using agents like melatonin and nanoparticles, enhances germination and stress tolerance. Microbial treatments, such as those with Trichoderma and Bacillus spp., improve plant growth and resistance. Nutrient management, including the use of macro- and micronutrients like silicon and selenium, plays a crucial role in alleviating abiotic stresses. The review emphasizes the importance of integrating various strategies, including biostimulants, marker-assisted selection, and omics technologies, to develop resilient and high-yielding crops under changing climate conditions. The findings suggest that a combination of traditional and modern approaches is essential for improving agricultural productivity and food security in the face of increasing abiotic stresses.Recent advancements in mitigating abiotic stresses in crops have been reviewed, highlighting various strategies to improve crop resilience and productivity under stress conditions. Abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, waterlogging, temperature stress, and heavy metal accumulation significantly impact plant growth, photosynthesis, and yield. The review discusses several approaches, including conventional and modern breeding techniques, speed breeding, seed priming, microbial seed treatments, plant growth regulators, osmoprotectants, and the use of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AMF). These methods aim to enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stresses by improving physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes. Genetic engineering and genome editing, such as CRISPR-Cas9, have also been explored to modify gene expression and improve stress tolerance. Speed breeding, a technique that accelerates plant growth cycles, is highlighted as a promising method to develop resilient crop varieties quickly. Seed priming, using agents like melatonin and nanoparticles, enhances germination and stress tolerance. Microbial treatments, such as those with Trichoderma and Bacillus spp., improve plant growth and resistance. Nutrient management, including the use of macro- and micronutrients like silicon and selenium, plays a crucial role in alleviating abiotic stresses. The review emphasizes the importance of integrating various strategies, including biostimulants, marker-assisted selection, and omics technologies, to develop resilient and high-yielding crops under changing climate conditions. The findings suggest that a combination of traditional and modern approaches is essential for improving agricultural productivity and food security in the face of increasing abiotic stresses.