This section of the article highlights recent advances in vector optimization and the image space analysis (ISA) approach. Vector optimization, initially proposed by V. Pareto, is a methodology for analyzing and solving problems involving multiple, infinite, or set-valued indicators. The field has seen significant developments since the 1970s, with notable contributions from researchers like H. P. Benson. Springer has published several book series and special issues on vector optimization and vector variational inequalities. The ISA approach, which originated with C. Carathéodory and was formalized by F. Giannessi, focuses on analyzing optimization problems in the image space, providing a unified framework for nonconvex, discontinuous, and non-smooth constrained optimization problems. The special issue dedicated to Professor Harold P. Benson celebrates his contributions to mathematical programming, optimization, and related fields, featuring 18 papers on recent advances in vector optimization and the ISA approach.This section of the article highlights recent advances in vector optimization and the image space analysis (ISA) approach. Vector optimization, initially proposed by V. Pareto, is a methodology for analyzing and solving problems involving multiple, infinite, or set-valued indicators. The field has seen significant developments since the 1970s, with notable contributions from researchers like H. P. Benson. Springer has published several book series and special issues on vector optimization and vector variational inequalities. The ISA approach, which originated with C. Carathéodory and was formalized by F. Giannessi, focuses on analyzing optimization problems in the image space, providing a unified framework for nonconvex, discontinuous, and non-smooth constrained optimization problems. The special issue dedicated to Professor Harold P. Benson celebrates his contributions to mathematical programming, optimization, and related fields, featuring 18 papers on recent advances in vector optimization and the ISA approach.