The article reviews recent advances in aptamer-based biosensors for the detection of bacterial pathogens. It highlights the importance of rapid and sensitive detection in preventing contamination and treating infections, emphasizing the versatility, cost-efficiency, and high affinity and specificity of aptamers. The review covers the development of aptamers, their structural characterization, and chemical modifications to enhance recognition properties and stability in complex biological matrices. Recent examples of aptasensors for detecting bacterial cells, biomarkers, and toxins are discussed, along with the challenges and perspectives in applying aptamer-based detection. The introduction details the significance of pathogenic microorganisms and the need for efficient detection methods, including culture and molecular techniques. The article then explores the selection strategies for aptamers, such as SELEX and in silico methods, and the characterization of aptamers, including affinity, stability, and structure. Finally, it discusses the application of aptasensors, particularly electrochemical and optical aptasensors, in bacterial detection, highlighting their advantages and limitations. The review concludes by analyzing barriers to the use of aptasensors and suggesting future directions for user-friendly, low-cost, and point-of-care diagnostic devices.The article reviews recent advances in aptamer-based biosensors for the detection of bacterial pathogens. It highlights the importance of rapid and sensitive detection in preventing contamination and treating infections, emphasizing the versatility, cost-efficiency, and high affinity and specificity of aptamers. The review covers the development of aptamers, their structural characterization, and chemical modifications to enhance recognition properties and stability in complex biological matrices. Recent examples of aptasensors for detecting bacterial cells, biomarkers, and toxins are discussed, along with the challenges and perspectives in applying aptamer-based detection. The introduction details the significance of pathogenic microorganisms and the need for efficient detection methods, including culture and molecular techniques. The article then explores the selection strategies for aptamers, such as SELEX and in silico methods, and the characterization of aptamers, including affinity, stability, and structure. Finally, it discusses the application of aptasensors, particularly electrochemical and optical aptasensors, in bacterial detection, highlighting their advantages and limitations. The review concludes by analyzing barriers to the use of aptasensors and suggesting future directions for user-friendly, low-cost, and point-of-care diagnostic devices.