This review article explores recent advances in electrospinning techniques for precise medicine, highlighting their potential to revolutionize the field. Electrospinning is a versatile nanotechnology that produces continuous fibers from polymer solutions or melts, offering advantages such as scalability, material adaptability, and low cost. However, challenges like limited composition variety, uncontrollable fiber orientation, and difficulties in incorporating fragile molecules and cells have hindered its broader application. To address these issues, advanced electrospinning techniques have been developed to manufacture functional composites, orchestrated structures, living constructs, and high-throughput fabrication. These techniques include coaxial electrospinning, triaxial electrospinning, emulsion electrospinning, conjugated electrospinning, chaotic electrospinning, near-field electrospinning, melt electrowriting, and needleless and centrifugal electrospinning. These advancements have enabled the creation of biomimetic microrobots, biosensors, and organ-on-chip systems, enhancing their performance and functionality in precision medicine. The article discusses the impact of these techniques on medical microrobots, biosensors, and organ-on-chip systems, addressing current challenges and future perspectives.This review article explores recent advances in electrospinning techniques for precise medicine, highlighting their potential to revolutionize the field. Electrospinning is a versatile nanotechnology that produces continuous fibers from polymer solutions or melts, offering advantages such as scalability, material adaptability, and low cost. However, challenges like limited composition variety, uncontrollable fiber orientation, and difficulties in incorporating fragile molecules and cells have hindered its broader application. To address these issues, advanced electrospinning techniques have been developed to manufacture functional composites, orchestrated structures, living constructs, and high-throughput fabrication. These techniques include coaxial electrospinning, triaxial electrospinning, emulsion electrospinning, conjugated electrospinning, chaotic electrospinning, near-field electrospinning, melt electrowriting, and needleless and centrifugal electrospinning. These advancements have enabled the creation of biomimetic microrobots, biosensors, and organ-on-chip systems, enhancing their performance and functionality in precision medicine. The article discusses the impact of these techniques on medical microrobots, biosensors, and organ-on-chip systems, addressing current challenges and future perspectives.