Recent advances in electrospinning techniques for precise medicine have significantly enhanced the development of biomedical devices such as medical microrobots, wearable/implantable biosensors, and organ-on-a-chip systems. Electrospinning, a nanotechnology that produces continuous fibers from polymer solutions or melts in an electric field, offers advantages such as scalability, wide material adaptability, ease of functionalization, and low cost. However, challenges such as limited composition variety, uncontrollable fiber orientation, difficulties in incorporating fragile molecules and cells, and low production effectiveness have hindered its application. To overcome these challenges, advanced electrospinning techniques have been explored to manufacture functional composites, orchestrated structures, living constructs, and scale-up fabrication. These techniques enable the production of diverse materials and structures, including nanofibers, microbeads, and porous membranes, which are widely used in biomedical applications. Advanced electrospinning techniques, such as coaxial, triaxial, emulsion, and conjugated electrospinning, allow for the integration of multiple materials, enabling the creation of heterogeneous fibers with diverse structures and functionalities. These techniques have been applied to improve the performance of medical microrobots, biosensors, and organ-on-a-chip systems. For instance, core-shell and hollow fibers can be used for controlled drug delivery, while living fibers can incorporate cells for tissue engineering. Additionally, high-throughput manufacturing techniques such as needleless and centrifugal electrospinning have been developed to enable large-scale production of nano/microfibers. These advancements have opened new possibilities for the development of biomedical devices in precise medicine, enabling targeted therapy, less/noninvasive medical surgery, and personalized treatment. Despite these advances, challenges such as the toxicity of solvents, low scalability, and the need for biocompatible materials remain to be addressed. Overall, electrospinning techniques have shown great potential in revolutionizing the field of precise medicine by enabling the development of advanced biomedical devices with enhanced functionality and performance.Recent advances in electrospinning techniques for precise medicine have significantly enhanced the development of biomedical devices such as medical microrobots, wearable/implantable biosensors, and organ-on-a-chip systems. Electrospinning, a nanotechnology that produces continuous fibers from polymer solutions or melts in an electric field, offers advantages such as scalability, wide material adaptability, ease of functionalization, and low cost. However, challenges such as limited composition variety, uncontrollable fiber orientation, difficulties in incorporating fragile molecules and cells, and low production effectiveness have hindered its application. To overcome these challenges, advanced electrospinning techniques have been explored to manufacture functional composites, orchestrated structures, living constructs, and scale-up fabrication. These techniques enable the production of diverse materials and structures, including nanofibers, microbeads, and porous membranes, which are widely used in biomedical applications. Advanced electrospinning techniques, such as coaxial, triaxial, emulsion, and conjugated electrospinning, allow for the integration of multiple materials, enabling the creation of heterogeneous fibers with diverse structures and functionalities. These techniques have been applied to improve the performance of medical microrobots, biosensors, and organ-on-a-chip systems. For instance, core-shell and hollow fibers can be used for controlled drug delivery, while living fibers can incorporate cells for tissue engineering. Additionally, high-throughput manufacturing techniques such as needleless and centrifugal electrospinning have been developed to enable large-scale production of nano/microfibers. These advancements have opened new possibilities for the development of biomedical devices in precise medicine, enabling targeted therapy, less/noninvasive medical surgery, and personalized treatment. Despite these advances, challenges such as the toxicity of solvents, low scalability, and the need for biocompatible materials remain to be addressed. Overall, electrospinning techniques have shown great potential in revolutionizing the field of precise medicine by enabling the development of advanced biomedical devices with enhanced functionality and performance.