Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common female malignancy in high socioeconomic index nations and the sixth most common cancer in women worldwide. Over the past 30 years, its incidence has increased by 132%, driven by an aging population, rising obesity and diabetes rates. Despite this, mortality rates have decreased due to improved early diagnosis and treatment. Recent advances have enhanced understanding of the disease's molecular drivers, enabling more personalized care. Prevention strategies include weight management, hormonal chemoprevention, and aspirin use, with weight loss showing significant benefits. New diagnostic methods, such as biomarker tests and minimally invasive techniques, are improving early detection. Surgery and adjuvant treatments have also evolved, with sentinel lymph node mapping and robotic surgery becoming standard. Immunotherapy has transformed treatment for advanced cases, particularly in MSI-H/MMRd tumors. The future of endometrial cancer research focuses on personalized medicine, predictive biomarkers, and improved diagnostic tools to enhance outcomes and reduce disparities in care.Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common female malignancy in high socioeconomic index nations and the sixth most common cancer in women worldwide. Over the past 30 years, its incidence has increased by 132%, driven by an aging population, rising obesity and diabetes rates. Despite this, mortality rates have decreased due to improved early diagnosis and treatment. Recent advances have enhanced understanding of the disease's molecular drivers, enabling more personalized care. Prevention strategies include weight management, hormonal chemoprevention, and aspirin use, with weight loss showing significant benefits. New diagnostic methods, such as biomarker tests and minimally invasive techniques, are improving early detection. Surgery and adjuvant treatments have also evolved, with sentinel lymph node mapping and robotic surgery becoming standard. Immunotherapy has transformed treatment for advanced cases, particularly in MSI-H/MMRd tumors. The future of endometrial cancer research focuses on personalized medicine, predictive biomarkers, and improved diagnostic tools to enhance outcomes and reduce disparities in care.