The rehabilitation of moderate to severe alveolar bone defects remains challenging, with current therapeutic approaches often involving guided bone regeneration (GBR) techniques combined with bone grafts. However, these methods have limitations such as morbidity, suboptimal graft/membrane resorption rates, low structural integrity, and dimensional stability. To address these issues, the development of biomimetic scaffolds with tailored characteristics that can modulate cell and tissue interaction is a promising approach. This article critically examines the design and development of scaffolds, providing information on various fabrication methods and their utilization as delivery systems for drugs or growth factors. The introduction highlights the complexity and variability of the oral and maxillofacial region, emphasizing the challenges in restoring alveolar and maxillofacial bone defects. It discusses the limitations of traditional bone grafting materials, such as autografts, allografts, xenografts, and synthetic alloplasts, and the need for advanced bone tissue engineering (BTE) and regenerative medicine (RM) approaches. The article reviews the principles of GBR, including the use of barrier membranes to promote bone regeneration while inhibiting the growth of other cells. It also explores the role of scaffolds in BTE/RM, emphasizing their biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and ability to support cell growth and tissue integration. The critical properties of scaffolds, such as degradation kinetics and physicochemical characteristics, are discussed, along with the importance of scaffold architecture in promoting bone regeneration. The fabrication methods for scaffolds, including electrospinning, additive manufacturing, bioprinting, freeze drying, solvent-casting, gas foaming, and decellularization, are described in detail. Each method's advantages and disadvantages are outlined, highlighting the potential for creating highly customizable and biodegradable scaffolds. The article also discusses the categories of scaffolds, including monophasic, multiphasic, hybrid, and smart scaffolds, each designed to address specific challenges in bone regeneration. Personalized scaffolds, created using CAD/CAM technology, are introduced as a promising approach to tailor the scaffold to individual patient needs. Finally, the article explores the use of scaffolds as drug delivery systems, highlighting their potential in controlling drug release and modulating immune responses. The antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of loaded scaffolds are discussed, along with their role in enhancing the therapeutic outcomes of bone regeneration procedures. In conclusion, the article provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of scaffolds for guided bone regeneration, emphasizing their potential to improve the rehabilitation of alveolar bone defects and enhance the success of dental implant procedures.The rehabilitation of moderate to severe alveolar bone defects remains challenging, with current therapeutic approaches often involving guided bone regeneration (GBR) techniques combined with bone grafts. However, these methods have limitations such as morbidity, suboptimal graft/membrane resorption rates, low structural integrity, and dimensional stability. To address these issues, the development of biomimetic scaffolds with tailored characteristics that can modulate cell and tissue interaction is a promising approach. This article critically examines the design and development of scaffolds, providing information on various fabrication methods and their utilization as delivery systems for drugs or growth factors. The introduction highlights the complexity and variability of the oral and maxillofacial region, emphasizing the challenges in restoring alveolar and maxillofacial bone defects. It discusses the limitations of traditional bone grafting materials, such as autografts, allografts, xenografts, and synthetic alloplasts, and the need for advanced bone tissue engineering (BTE) and regenerative medicine (RM) approaches. The article reviews the principles of GBR, including the use of barrier membranes to promote bone regeneration while inhibiting the growth of other cells. It also explores the role of scaffolds in BTE/RM, emphasizing their biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and ability to support cell growth and tissue integration. The critical properties of scaffolds, such as degradation kinetics and physicochemical characteristics, are discussed, along with the importance of scaffold architecture in promoting bone regeneration. The fabrication methods for scaffolds, including electrospinning, additive manufacturing, bioprinting, freeze drying, solvent-casting, gas foaming, and decellularization, are described in detail. Each method's advantages and disadvantages are outlined, highlighting the potential for creating highly customizable and biodegradable scaffolds. The article also discusses the categories of scaffolds, including monophasic, multiphasic, hybrid, and smart scaffolds, each designed to address specific challenges in bone regeneration. Personalized scaffolds, created using CAD/CAM technology, are introduced as a promising approach to tailor the scaffold to individual patient needs. Finally, the article explores the use of scaffolds as drug delivery systems, highlighting their potential in controlling drug release and modulating immune responses. The antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of loaded scaffolds are discussed, along with their role in enhancing the therapeutic outcomes of bone regeneration procedures. In conclusion, the article provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of scaffolds for guided bone regeneration, emphasizing their potential to improve the rehabilitation of alveolar bone defects and enhance the success of dental implant procedures.