This review article examines the recent advancements in using agricultural waste materials in construction, focusing on their applications as substitutes or additives in concrete and insulation materials. The study highlights the environmental benefits and cost savings associated with these materials, such as improved compressive strength in concrete and reduced heat losses in buildings. Key findings include: 1. **Compressive Strength**: Pineapple leaf fibers, coconut shells, and sugarcane bagasse ash have been shown to enhance the compressive strength of concrete, with optimal addition rates ranging from 0.3% to 15%. 2. **Insulation**: Agricultural wastes like wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse, and coconut coir exhibit low thermal conductivity, making them effective insulation materials. For example, wheat straw can save up to 69% energy in hollow clay bricks. 3. **Cost and Environmental Impact**: The use of agricultural waste materials can reduce construction costs and environmental pollution, but challenges such as flammability, fungal threats, and high processing costs remain. 4. **Future Directions**: Future research should focus on optimizing processing techniques, exploring novel applications, and addressing environmental concerns associated with chemical treatments. The review underscores the potential of agricultural waste materials in sustainable construction practices, emphasizing the need for further research to overcome existing barriers and maximize their benefits.This review article examines the recent advancements in using agricultural waste materials in construction, focusing on their applications as substitutes or additives in concrete and insulation materials. The study highlights the environmental benefits and cost savings associated with these materials, such as improved compressive strength in concrete and reduced heat losses in buildings. Key findings include: 1. **Compressive Strength**: Pineapple leaf fibers, coconut shells, and sugarcane bagasse ash have been shown to enhance the compressive strength of concrete, with optimal addition rates ranging from 0.3% to 15%. 2. **Insulation**: Agricultural wastes like wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse, and coconut coir exhibit low thermal conductivity, making them effective insulation materials. For example, wheat straw can save up to 69% energy in hollow clay bricks. 3. **Cost and Environmental Impact**: The use of agricultural waste materials can reduce construction costs and environmental pollution, but challenges such as flammability, fungal threats, and high processing costs remain. 4. **Future Directions**: Future research should focus on optimizing processing techniques, exploring novel applications, and addressing environmental concerns associated with chemical treatments. The review underscores the potential of agricultural waste materials in sustainable construction practices, emphasizing the need for further research to overcome existing barriers and maximize their benefits.