Molybdenum borides and MBenes have attracted significant attention due to their unique properties such as high electrical conductivity, stability, and environmental friendliness. This review summarizes recent developments and future perspectives of these materials in various applications. Molybdenum-based borides and MBenes exhibit diverse compositions and structures, ranging from metallic to semiconducting states, and possess excellent chemical, mechanical, and catalytic properties. They are synthesized using methods like high-temperature/pressure, physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), molten salt-assisted, and selective etching. These materials have been applied in energy storage, catalysis, biosensors, biomedical devices, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and tribology. Recent studies highlight their potential in Li/Na ion batteries, supercapacitors, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), nitrogen and carbon dioxide reduction reactions, and biochemical sensing. MBenes, in particular, show promising performance in electrochemical applications due to their high surface area, active edge sites, and excellent conductivity. Challenges remain in the synthesis and characterization of MBenes, and further research is needed to optimize their properties for various applications. The review concludes that molybdenum borides and MBenes hold great potential for future technological advancements.Molybdenum borides and MBenes have attracted significant attention due to their unique properties such as high electrical conductivity, stability, and environmental friendliness. This review summarizes recent developments and future perspectives of these materials in various applications. Molybdenum-based borides and MBenes exhibit diverse compositions and structures, ranging from metallic to semiconducting states, and possess excellent chemical, mechanical, and catalytic properties. They are synthesized using methods like high-temperature/pressure, physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), molten salt-assisted, and selective etching. These materials have been applied in energy storage, catalysis, biosensors, biomedical devices, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and tribology. Recent studies highlight their potential in Li/Na ion batteries, supercapacitors, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), nitrogen and carbon dioxide reduction reactions, and biochemical sensing. MBenes, in particular, show promising performance in electrochemical applications due to their high surface area, active edge sites, and excellent conductivity. Challenges remain in the synthesis and characterization of MBenes, and further research is needed to optimize their properties for various applications. The review concludes that molybdenum borides and MBenes hold great potential for future technological advancements.