Recent developments in lithium extraction from water resources are highlighted in this review, emphasizing the growing demand for lithium due to its critical role in electric vehicles and batteries. Lithium is found in various forms, including carbonate, hydroxide, and mineral concentrates, and is primarily sourced from salt lakes, oceans, and geothermal waters, which hold 70-80% of global lithium reserves. The review discusses various extraction methods, including evaporation, solvent extraction, membrane technology, nanofiltration, and adsorption, with a focus on efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly techniques. Adsorption using lithium-ion sieves is noted for its high selectivity and effectiveness in low-lithium solutions. However, challenges such as manganese dissolution and limited adsorption capacity hinder industrial application. Research is ongoing to enhance the stability and efficiency of these methods, aiming to meet the projected 60% increase in lithium demand in the coming years. The review also highlights the importance of recycling lithium-ion batteries as an alternative source and the potential of geothermal waters for lithium extraction. Despite advancements, commercialization of lithium adsorption remains challenging due to technical and economic constraints. The study underscores the need for innovative solutions to improve lithium extraction processes, reduce environmental impact, and support sustainable energy production.Recent developments in lithium extraction from water resources are highlighted in this review, emphasizing the growing demand for lithium due to its critical role in electric vehicles and batteries. Lithium is found in various forms, including carbonate, hydroxide, and mineral concentrates, and is primarily sourced from salt lakes, oceans, and geothermal waters, which hold 70-80% of global lithium reserves. The review discusses various extraction methods, including evaporation, solvent extraction, membrane technology, nanofiltration, and adsorption, with a focus on efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly techniques. Adsorption using lithium-ion sieves is noted for its high selectivity and effectiveness in low-lithium solutions. However, challenges such as manganese dissolution and limited adsorption capacity hinder industrial application. Research is ongoing to enhance the stability and efficiency of these methods, aiming to meet the projected 60% increase in lithium demand in the coming years. The review also highlights the importance of recycling lithium-ion batteries as an alternative source and the potential of geothermal waters for lithium extraction. Despite advancements, commercialization of lithium adsorption remains challenging due to technical and economic constraints. The study underscores the need for innovative solutions to improve lithium extraction processes, reduce environmental impact, and support sustainable energy production.