Recent progress in electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) is reviewed, focusing on positive and negative electrode materials. NIBs are considered as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the abundance and low cost of sodium. However, NIBs still face challenges in terms of energy density, power density, and electrochemical stability. The review discusses recent advances in electrode materials for NIBs, including the discovery of new materials and their sodium storage mechanisms. It also covers efforts to enhance the electrochemical properties of NIB electrode materials and the challenges and perspectives involving these materials. The review highlights the progress in cathode materials, including layered transition metal oxide compounds (TMOs) and polyanionic compounds. For layered TMOs, P2-type and O3-type compounds are discussed, with a focus on their structural and electrochemical properties. P2-type compounds such as NaₓCoO₂ and NaₓMnO₂ have shown promising performance, while O3-type compounds like NaMnO₂ and NaCrO₂ have also been studied. The review also discusses the development of polyanionic compounds, including phosphates, fluorophosphates, pyrophosphates, and sulfates, which have shown potential as cathode materials for NIBs. In addition, the review covers the development of anode materials, including carbon-based materials, metal oxide compounds, and metals. The electrochemical properties of these materials are discussed, along with their potential for use in NIBs. The review also addresses the challenges facing NIB electrode materials for large-scale energy storage systems and provides perspectives on the future of these materials. Overall, the review highlights the progress in electrode materials for NIBs and the potential for these materials to be used in large-scale energy storage systems.Recent progress in electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) is reviewed, focusing on positive and negative electrode materials. NIBs are considered as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the abundance and low cost of sodium. However, NIBs still face challenges in terms of energy density, power density, and electrochemical stability. The review discusses recent advances in electrode materials for NIBs, including the discovery of new materials and their sodium storage mechanisms. It also covers efforts to enhance the electrochemical properties of NIB electrode materials and the challenges and perspectives involving these materials. The review highlights the progress in cathode materials, including layered transition metal oxide compounds (TMOs) and polyanionic compounds. For layered TMOs, P2-type and O3-type compounds are discussed, with a focus on their structural and electrochemical properties. P2-type compounds such as NaₓCoO₂ and NaₓMnO₂ have shown promising performance, while O3-type compounds like NaMnO₂ and NaCrO₂ have also been studied. The review also discusses the development of polyanionic compounds, including phosphates, fluorophosphates, pyrophosphates, and sulfates, which have shown potential as cathode materials for NIBs. In addition, the review covers the development of anode materials, including carbon-based materials, metal oxide compounds, and metals. The electrochemical properties of these materials are discussed, along with their potential for use in NIBs. The review also addresses the challenges facing NIB electrode materials for large-scale energy storage systems and provides perspectives on the future of these materials. Overall, the review highlights the progress in electrode materials for NIBs and the potential for these materials to be used in large-scale energy storage systems.