This review article, authored by a team of researchers from various institutions, focuses on recent trends in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The authors highlight the dysregulated neuroimmune and inflammatory responses in these disorders, characterized by excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and neurotoxic mediators, as well as the activation of glial cells and immune cells. They also discuss the role of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain cells in disease modeling and drug discovery. The review covers the pathophysiology of each disorder, emphasizing the importance of neuroinflammation in their development and progression. Additionally, it explores the potential therapeutic options and biomarkers for these disorders, noting the lack of effective disease-modifying treatments and the need for further research to develop more specific and effective therapies. The article concludes by discussing the challenges and future directions in the field of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders.This review article, authored by a team of researchers from various institutions, focuses on recent trends in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The authors highlight the dysregulated neuroimmune and inflammatory responses in these disorders, characterized by excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and neurotoxic mediators, as well as the activation of glial cells and immune cells. They also discuss the role of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain cells in disease modeling and drug discovery. The review covers the pathophysiology of each disorder, emphasizing the importance of neuroinflammation in their development and progression. Additionally, it explores the potential therapeutic options and biomarkers for these disorders, noting the lack of effective disease-modifying treatments and the need for further research to develop more specific and effective therapies. The article concludes by discussing the challenges and future directions in the field of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders.