MXenes, a family of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides, borides, and carbonitrides, have emerged as promising materials for electrocatalysis due to their excellent metallic conductivity, hydrophilicity, high specific surface area, and electrochemical properties. This review summarizes recent advancements in MXene-based materials for electrocatalysis, highlighting key design principles and challenges. The major strategies to enhance the catalytic activity of MXenes include coupling with active materials or heteroatomic doping, constructing 3D MXene structures, and protecting the MXene surface to prevent oxidation. MXene-based materials exhibit outstanding performance in various electrocatalytic reactions, such as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), and nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Despite their promising performance, challenges remain, including easy restacking, limited intrinsic catalytic activity, and poor stability at oxygen atmosphere. The review also discusses the potential of MXenes in other catalytic reactions, such as hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) and nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR). Overall, MXenes show great potential for sustainable clean energy applications, but further research is needed to address the challenges and optimize their performance for practical applications.MXenes, a family of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides, borides, and carbonitrides, have emerged as promising materials for electrocatalysis due to their excellent metallic conductivity, hydrophilicity, high specific surface area, and electrochemical properties. This review summarizes recent advancements in MXene-based materials for electrocatalysis, highlighting key design principles and challenges. The major strategies to enhance the catalytic activity of MXenes include coupling with active materials or heteroatomic doping, constructing 3D MXene structures, and protecting the MXene surface to prevent oxidation. MXene-based materials exhibit outstanding performance in various electrocatalytic reactions, such as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), and nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Despite their promising performance, challenges remain, including easy restacking, limited intrinsic catalytic activity, and poor stability at oxygen atmosphere. The review also discusses the potential of MXenes in other catalytic reactions, such as hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) and nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR). Overall, MXenes show great potential for sustainable clean energy applications, but further research is needed to address the challenges and optimize their performance for practical applications.