Recent advancements in multifaceted roles of flavonoids in plant–rhizomicrobiome interactions

Recent advancements in multifaceted roles of flavonoids in plant–rhizomicrobiome interactions

05 January 2024 | Gokul Anil Kumar, Sumit Kumar, Rupesh Bhardwaj, Prashant Swapnil, Mukesh Meena, Chandra Shekhar Seth, Ankush Yadav
This review explores the multifaceted roles of flavonoids in plant–rhizomicrobiome interactions. Flavonoids, a class of polyphenolic compounds, play a crucial role in plant growth promotion and stress tolerance. They facilitate communication and associations with beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere, enhancing nutrient acquisition and defense mechanisms. Key findings include: 1. **Root Nodulation**: Flavonoids, particularly isoflavonoids, are essential for inducing nodulation in legumes, facilitating symbiotic relationships with *Rhizobia* for nitrogen fixation. 2. **Antimicrobial and Antifungal Properties**: Flavonoids have antimicrobial and antifungal properties, helping plants defend against pathogens and enhance resistance to biotic stresses. 3. **Mycorrhizal Associations**: Flavonoids are involved in signaling between infecting fungi and host cells, promoting successful mycorrhizal associations for nutrient uptake. 4. **Non-Rhizobial Bacterial Association**: Flavonoids can recruit beneficial bacteria under stress conditions, enhancing plant health and survival. 5. **Bioavailability and Persistence**: The bioavailability and persistence of flavonoids in the rhizosphere are influenced by various factors, including soil organic matter and mineral concentrations. 6. **Mineral Acquisition**: Flavonoids assist in the mobilization and acquisition of essential minerals like iron and phosphorus, enhancing nutrient uptake. 7. **Biotic Stress Resistance**: Flavonoids contribute to plant defense mechanisms, producing phytoalexins to combat pathogens and nematodes. The review highlights the complex interactions between flavonoids and the rhizosphere microbiome, emphasizing their importance in plant health and stress tolerance. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and full extent of flavonoids' roles in these interactions.This review explores the multifaceted roles of flavonoids in plant–rhizomicrobiome interactions. Flavonoids, a class of polyphenolic compounds, play a crucial role in plant growth promotion and stress tolerance. They facilitate communication and associations with beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere, enhancing nutrient acquisition and defense mechanisms. Key findings include: 1. **Root Nodulation**: Flavonoids, particularly isoflavonoids, are essential for inducing nodulation in legumes, facilitating symbiotic relationships with *Rhizobia* for nitrogen fixation. 2. **Antimicrobial and Antifungal Properties**: Flavonoids have antimicrobial and antifungal properties, helping plants defend against pathogens and enhance resistance to biotic stresses. 3. **Mycorrhizal Associations**: Flavonoids are involved in signaling between infecting fungi and host cells, promoting successful mycorrhizal associations for nutrient uptake. 4. **Non-Rhizobial Bacterial Association**: Flavonoids can recruit beneficial bacteria under stress conditions, enhancing plant health and survival. 5. **Bioavailability and Persistence**: The bioavailability and persistence of flavonoids in the rhizosphere are influenced by various factors, including soil organic matter and mineral concentrations. 6. **Mineral Acquisition**: Flavonoids assist in the mobilization and acquisition of essential minerals like iron and phosphorus, enhancing nutrient uptake. 7. **Biotic Stress Resistance**: Flavonoids contribute to plant defense mechanisms, producing phytoalexins to combat pathogens and nematodes. The review highlights the complex interactions between flavonoids and the rhizosphere microbiome, emphasizing their importance in plant health and stress tolerance. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and full extent of flavonoids' roles in these interactions.
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