This review article explores recent advances in the use of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) activation as a therapeutic approach to anti-inflammation. AMPK, a key sensor of cellular energy status, plays a crucial role in regulating energy homeostasis and glycolipid metabolism. The article highlights the anti-inflammatory effects of various compounds that activate AMPK, including lactones, terpenoids, sesquiterpene lactones, polyphenols, and their derivatives. **Lactones:** - **Melatonin:** A natural hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles and has anti-inflammatory properties. It improves necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and reducing oxidative stress. - **Corosolic Acid (CA):** A pentacyclic triterpene that protects against myocardial hypertrophy through AMPK-dependent autophagy and reduces obesity-associated chronic inflammation. - **Ilexgenin A (IA):** A pentacyclic triterpene that enhances LKB1-dependent AMPK activity, ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome. - **Cryptotanshinone (CT):** A quinone diterpene that attenuates ethanol-induced liver injury by inhibiting lipogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammation through AMPK/SIRT1 and Nrf2 signalling. **Terpenoids:** - **Atractylenolide III (AT III):** A sesquiterpene that inhibits pro-inflammatory factors and prevents ulcerative colitis by stimulating the AMPK/SIRT1 signalling pathway. - **Isovitexin:** A flavone that suppresses pro-inflammatory M1 microglia and enhances anti-inflammatory M2 microglia, providing a strategy for treating inflammation-associated depressive disorders. - **Nobiletin:** A flavonoid that upregulates autophagy and inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome, offering potential for enhancing cognitive performance and mental well-being. - **Luteolin:** A flavonoid that activates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway and protects endothelial cells from oxidative damage via the AMPK pathway. - **Dihydroricyetin (DHM):** A bioactive polyphenol that counteracts inflammation-induced muscle atrophy through the CaMKK/AMPK pathway. - **Baicalin:** A flavonoid that inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome and protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating the AMPK/Mfn-2 axis. - **Mangiferin:** A xanthone that reduces ER stress-related oxidative stress and protects against NAFLD by activating the AMPK/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. - **Curcumin:** A compound with excellent anti-inflammatory and antibacterial abilities that inhibitsThis review article explores recent advances in the use of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) activation as a therapeutic approach to anti-inflammation. AMPK, a key sensor of cellular energy status, plays a crucial role in regulating energy homeostasis and glycolipid metabolism. The article highlights the anti-inflammatory effects of various compounds that activate AMPK, including lactones, terpenoids, sesquiterpene lactones, polyphenols, and their derivatives. **Lactones:** - **Melatonin:** A natural hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles and has anti-inflammatory properties. It improves necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and reducing oxidative stress. - **Corosolic Acid (CA):** A pentacyclic triterpene that protects against myocardial hypertrophy through AMPK-dependent autophagy and reduces obesity-associated chronic inflammation. - **Ilexgenin A (IA):** A pentacyclic triterpene that enhances LKB1-dependent AMPK activity, ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome. - **Cryptotanshinone (CT):** A quinone diterpene that attenuates ethanol-induced liver injury by inhibiting lipogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammation through AMPK/SIRT1 and Nrf2 signalling. **Terpenoids:** - **Atractylenolide III (AT III):** A sesquiterpene that inhibits pro-inflammatory factors and prevents ulcerative colitis by stimulating the AMPK/SIRT1 signalling pathway. - **Isovitexin:** A flavone that suppresses pro-inflammatory M1 microglia and enhances anti-inflammatory M2 microglia, providing a strategy for treating inflammation-associated depressive disorders. - **Nobiletin:** A flavonoid that upregulates autophagy and inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome, offering potential for enhancing cognitive performance and mental well-being. - **Luteolin:** A flavonoid that activates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway and protects endothelial cells from oxidative damage via the AMPK pathway. - **Dihydroricyetin (DHM):** A bioactive polyphenol that counteracts inflammation-induced muscle atrophy through the CaMKK/AMPK pathway. - **Baicalin:** A flavonoid that inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome and protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating the AMPK/Mfn-2 axis. - **Mangiferin:** A xanthone that reduces ER stress-related oxidative stress and protects against NAFLD by activating the AMPK/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. - **Curcumin:** A compound with excellent anti-inflammatory and antibacterial abilities that inhibits