Recent advances in molecular mechanisms of skin wound healing and its treatments Skin wound healing is a complex process involving multiple cellular and molecular pathways. It begins immediately after injury and may last for several years. The healing process involves the replacement of damaged tissue (regeneration) or the repair of tissue (repair), which includes fibrosis and scar formation. The process is characterized by a symphony of interactions among cells, growth factors, and cytokines that culminate in the closure of the skin. The efficiency of wound healing is crucial for maintaining skin integrity and serving as a protective barrier against external threats such as dehydration and infection. The healing process consists of several stages: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Hemostasis involves the immediate response to bleeding, including vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and clot formation. Inflammation is a critical phase where immune cells such as neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages play a key role in clearing pathogens and debris. Proliferation involves the growth of new tissue, while remodeling is the final stage where the wound is repaired and the skin is restored to its original state. Immune cells are essential in wound healing. Neutrophils are the first responders, combating infection through the release of antimicrobial peptides and reactive oxygen species. Monocytes differentiate into macrophages, which help in tissue repair and immune regulation. Lymphocytes, including T cells and B cells, contribute to immune responses and wound healing. Mast cells also play a role in wound healing by secreting antimicrobial peptides and histamines, which promote inflammation and tissue repair. Apoptosis and autophagy are critical processes in wound healing. Apoptosis helps in the removal of damaged cells, while autophagy aids in the degradation and recycling of cellular components, contributing to tissue regeneration. Ferroptosis, a form of cell death associated with lipid peroxidation, can also impact wound healing, particularly in conditions such as diabetes and radiation exposure. Recent advancements in wound healing include the use of nanotherapeutics, stem cell therapy, and 3D bioprinting. These innovative approaches aim to improve therapeutic efficacy, promote skin regeneration, and minimize adverse effects. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of wound healing is essential for developing effective treatments and improving patient outcomes.Recent advances in molecular mechanisms of skin wound healing and its treatments Skin wound healing is a complex process involving multiple cellular and molecular pathways. It begins immediately after injury and may last for several years. The healing process involves the replacement of damaged tissue (regeneration) or the repair of tissue (repair), which includes fibrosis and scar formation. The process is characterized by a symphony of interactions among cells, growth factors, and cytokines that culminate in the closure of the skin. The efficiency of wound healing is crucial for maintaining skin integrity and serving as a protective barrier against external threats such as dehydration and infection. The healing process consists of several stages: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Hemostasis involves the immediate response to bleeding, including vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and clot formation. Inflammation is a critical phase where immune cells such as neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages play a key role in clearing pathogens and debris. Proliferation involves the growth of new tissue, while remodeling is the final stage where the wound is repaired and the skin is restored to its original state. Immune cells are essential in wound healing. Neutrophils are the first responders, combating infection through the release of antimicrobial peptides and reactive oxygen species. Monocytes differentiate into macrophages, which help in tissue repair and immune regulation. Lymphocytes, including T cells and B cells, contribute to immune responses and wound healing. Mast cells also play a role in wound healing by secreting antimicrobial peptides and histamines, which promote inflammation and tissue repair. Apoptosis and autophagy are critical processes in wound healing. Apoptosis helps in the removal of damaged cells, while autophagy aids in the degradation and recycling of cellular components, contributing to tissue regeneration. Ferroptosis, a form of cell death associated with lipid peroxidation, can also impact wound healing, particularly in conditions such as diabetes and radiation exposure. Recent advancements in wound healing include the use of nanotherapeutics, stem cell therapy, and 3D bioprinting. These innovative approaches aim to improve therapeutic efficacy, promote skin regeneration, and minimize adverse effects. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of wound healing is essential for developing effective treatments and improving patient outcomes.