Recent advances in molecular mechanisms of skin wound healing and its treatments Skin wound healing is a complex process involving multiple cellular and molecular pathways, crucial for maintaining skin integrity and preventing infections. Chronic wounds, often resulting from conditions like diabetes and obesity, pose significant challenges due to their prolonged healing times and the associated economic burden. Traditional treatments, including growth factors, wound dressings, and skin grafts, have limitations, prompting the development of novel approaches such as nanotherapeutics, stem cell therapy, and 3D bioprinting. These innovations aim to enhance therapeutic efficacy, promote skin regeneration, and minimize adverse effects. The healing process consists of several stages: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Hemostasis involves vasoconstriction and the formation of a blood clot to stop bleeding. Inflammation is characterized by the recruitment of immune cells like neutrophils and macrophages, which combat infection and clear debris. Proliferation involves the growth of new tissue, while remodeling leads to the formation of scar tissue. Understanding these stages is essential for developing effective treatments. Immune cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes, play critical roles in wound healing. Neutrophils combat infection, while macrophages clear debris and regulate inflammation. Lymphocytes, such as T cells and B cells, contribute to immune responses and tissue repair. Apoptosis and autophagy are also vital in managing cell death and tissue regeneration. Dysregulation of these processes can lead to chronic wounds and excessive scarring. Ferroptosis and pyroptosis are emerging areas of research, highlighting the importance of lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses in wound healing. Inhibitors of ferroptosis, such as ferrostatin-1, and modulators of the NLRP3 inflammasome show promise in enhancing wound healing. These advancements underscore the need for a comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms to develop more effective treatments for chronic wounds.Recent advances in molecular mechanisms of skin wound healing and its treatments Skin wound healing is a complex process involving multiple cellular and molecular pathways, crucial for maintaining skin integrity and preventing infections. Chronic wounds, often resulting from conditions like diabetes and obesity, pose significant challenges due to their prolonged healing times and the associated economic burden. Traditional treatments, including growth factors, wound dressings, and skin grafts, have limitations, prompting the development of novel approaches such as nanotherapeutics, stem cell therapy, and 3D bioprinting. These innovations aim to enhance therapeutic efficacy, promote skin regeneration, and minimize adverse effects. The healing process consists of several stages: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Hemostasis involves vasoconstriction and the formation of a blood clot to stop bleeding. Inflammation is characterized by the recruitment of immune cells like neutrophils and macrophages, which combat infection and clear debris. Proliferation involves the growth of new tissue, while remodeling leads to the formation of scar tissue. Understanding these stages is essential for developing effective treatments. Immune cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes, play critical roles in wound healing. Neutrophils combat infection, while macrophages clear debris and regulate inflammation. Lymphocytes, such as T cells and B cells, contribute to immune responses and tissue repair. Apoptosis and autophagy are also vital in managing cell death and tissue regeneration. Dysregulation of these processes can lead to chronic wounds and excessive scarring. Ferroptosis and pyroptosis are emerging areas of research, highlighting the importance of lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses in wound healing. Inhibitors of ferroptosis, such as ferrostatin-1, and modulators of the NLRP3 inflammasome show promise in enhancing wound healing. These advancements underscore the need for a comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms to develop more effective treatments for chronic wounds.