This article reviews recent advances in the use of nanomaterials-based biosensors for the detection of periodontitis. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition caused by bacterial infections, leading to the gradual destruction of tooth-supporting structures such as the alveolar bone, cementum, periodontal ligament, and gingiva. Timely diagnosis is crucial for preventing and controlling its progression. Traditional clinical measures are used to diagnose periodontitis, but there is a growing interest in alternative diagnostic methods due to technological advancements. Various biomarkers have been assessed using bodily fluids, but conventional periodontal categorization factors do not provide significant insights into the disease's current status, severity, and tissue damage. Nanoparticle (NP)-based detection strategies have emerged as promising tools for rapid and efficient detection assays. These platforms leverage the unique properties of NPs, such as plasmonic NPs (metal NPs, quantum dots, carbon-based NPs, and nanozymes), fluorescent NPs, and magnetic NPs, to identify periodontitis. The article discusses the characteristics of periodontitis, traditional diagnostic methods, and the role of biomarkers. It also highlights the potential of nanobiosensors in detecting periodontal biomarkers, including proteases, cytokines, and microbial components. The integration of nanomaterials into biosensors has enhanced their sensitivity and accuracy, making them valuable tools for early detection and monitoring of periodontitis. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for further research to optimize the use of nanobiosensors in periodontal disease management.This article reviews recent advances in the use of nanomaterials-based biosensors for the detection of periodontitis. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition caused by bacterial infections, leading to the gradual destruction of tooth-supporting structures such as the alveolar bone, cementum, periodontal ligament, and gingiva. Timely diagnosis is crucial for preventing and controlling its progression. Traditional clinical measures are used to diagnose periodontitis, but there is a growing interest in alternative diagnostic methods due to technological advancements. Various biomarkers have been assessed using bodily fluids, but conventional periodontal categorization factors do not provide significant insights into the disease's current status, severity, and tissue damage. Nanoparticle (NP)-based detection strategies have emerged as promising tools for rapid and efficient detection assays. These platforms leverage the unique properties of NPs, such as plasmonic NPs (metal NPs, quantum dots, carbon-based NPs, and nanozymes), fluorescent NPs, and magnetic NPs, to identify periodontitis. The article discusses the characteristics of periodontitis, traditional diagnostic methods, and the role of biomarkers. It also highlights the potential of nanobiosensors in detecting periodontal biomarkers, including proteases, cytokines, and microbial components. The integration of nanomaterials into biosensors has enhanced their sensitivity and accuracy, making them valuable tools for early detection and monitoring of periodontitis. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for further research to optimize the use of nanobiosensors in periodontal disease management.