Recent advances in the treatment of Ebola disease: A brief overview Ebola virus disease (EBOD) remains a significant threat to African countries, with a mortality rate of 25% to 90%. The most recent outbreak in Uganda in 2022 was caused by the Sudan Ebola virus (SUDV), a species not previously reported for a decade. Treatment of EBOD has primarily relied on supportive care, but recent efforts have led to progress in finding effective therapeutic agents. Two monoclonal antibodies, Ebanga and Inmazeb, received FDA approval in 2020. Multiple vaccines have also been approved for EBOD prevention, with Ervebo being the first FDA-approved vaccine against EBOV. EBOD presents with nonspecific symptoms such as fever, headache, and gastrointestinal disturbances, often progressing to multi-organ failure. Supportive care includes hydration, blood pressure monitoring, and symptomatic relief. ICU admission may be required for severe cases. Antimicrobial therapy is used empirically due to the risk of bacterial infections, but excessive use is concerning. Targeted therapies include monoclonal antibodies like Ebanga and Inmazeb, which target the EBOV surface glycoprotein. These have shown improved survival rates compared to previous treatments. Other therapies, such as polymerase inhibitors and siRNA-based treatments, are under investigation. Prevention includes vaccines like Ervebo, Zabdeno/Mvabea, Ad5-EBOV, and GamEvac-Combi, which use EBOV's GP to elicit an immune response. Post-exposure prophylaxis with monoclonal antibodies has shown promise. New treatment modalities include bispecific antibodies targeting EBOV's GP and NPC-1, and combination therapies with FDA-approved medications. Research into the EBOV genome and structure has identified potential targets for drug development. Despite progress, challenges remain, including the need for cross-species monoclonal antibodies and further studies on vaccine efficacy and safety. The development of pan-species monoclonal antibodies is crucial to address the threat of SUDV re-emergence.Recent advances in the treatment of Ebola disease: A brief overview Ebola virus disease (EBOD) remains a significant threat to African countries, with a mortality rate of 25% to 90%. The most recent outbreak in Uganda in 2022 was caused by the Sudan Ebola virus (SUDV), a species not previously reported for a decade. Treatment of EBOD has primarily relied on supportive care, but recent efforts have led to progress in finding effective therapeutic agents. Two monoclonal antibodies, Ebanga and Inmazeb, received FDA approval in 2020. Multiple vaccines have also been approved for EBOD prevention, with Ervebo being the first FDA-approved vaccine against EBOV. EBOD presents with nonspecific symptoms such as fever, headache, and gastrointestinal disturbances, often progressing to multi-organ failure. Supportive care includes hydration, blood pressure monitoring, and symptomatic relief. ICU admission may be required for severe cases. Antimicrobial therapy is used empirically due to the risk of bacterial infections, but excessive use is concerning. Targeted therapies include monoclonal antibodies like Ebanga and Inmazeb, which target the EBOV surface glycoprotein. These have shown improved survival rates compared to previous treatments. Other therapies, such as polymerase inhibitors and siRNA-based treatments, are under investigation. Prevention includes vaccines like Ervebo, Zabdeno/Mvabea, Ad5-EBOV, and GamEvac-Combi, which use EBOV's GP to elicit an immune response. Post-exposure prophylaxis with monoclonal antibodies has shown promise. New treatment modalities include bispecific antibodies targeting EBOV's GP and NPC-1, and combination therapies with FDA-approved medications. Research into the EBOV genome and structure has identified potential targets for drug development. Despite progress, challenges remain, including the need for cross-species monoclonal antibodies and further studies on vaccine efficacy and safety. The development of pan-species monoclonal antibodies is crucial to address the threat of SUDV re-emergence.