The article reviews recent advancements and strategies in heterogeneous photocatalysts for water splitting (PWS), a technology aimed at generating sustainable fuel using light energy. Significant progress has been made in developing PWS innovations, particularly in one- and two-step-excitation water-splitting systems. These systems utilize singular or composite photocatalysts to efficiently convert green energy into sustainable hydrogen (H₂) on a large commercial scale. The study focuses on overall water splitting (OWS) using one/two-step excitation and various techniques, discussing advancements in light-absorbing materials and approaches for isolating photoinduced charges. Key aspects include chemical and physical changes, environmental factors, different photocatalyst types, and parameters affecting PWS. The article highlights the importance of achieving efficient photocatalytic processes under detrimental conditions, such as strong light absorption and nanoscale structures. Future research will focus on developing novel materials, improving synthesis techniques, and enhancing high-energy raw materials to improve energy conversion efficiency, radiation absorption, and physiochemical process coherence.The article reviews recent advancements and strategies in heterogeneous photocatalysts for water splitting (PWS), a technology aimed at generating sustainable fuel using light energy. Significant progress has been made in developing PWS innovations, particularly in one- and two-step-excitation water-splitting systems. These systems utilize singular or composite photocatalysts to efficiently convert green energy into sustainable hydrogen (H₂) on a large commercial scale. The study focuses on overall water splitting (OWS) using one/two-step excitation and various techniques, discussing advancements in light-absorbing materials and approaches for isolating photoinduced charges. Key aspects include chemical and physical changes, environmental factors, different photocatalyst types, and parameters affecting PWS. The article highlights the importance of achieving efficient photocatalytic processes under detrimental conditions, such as strong light absorption and nanoscale structures. Future research will focus on developing novel materials, improving synthesis techniques, and enhancing high-energy raw materials to improve energy conversion efficiency, radiation absorption, and physiochemical process coherence.